-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Analysis\BJPS replication files\US_log_file.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  20 Mar 2025, 11:33:41

. 
. ** recode 2018 data for previous vote share
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data

. 
. import excel "USA\MITLab-House_results/1976-2020-house.xls", sheet("1976-2020-house") firstrow clear

. 
. * the districts at large seem to be set to "0"
. keep if year == 2018
(29,744 observations deleted)

. 
. tab state_po if dis == 0 

   state_po |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
         AK |          3       11.54       11.54
         DE |          2        7.69       19.23
         MT |          3       11.54       30.77
         ND |          4       15.38       46.15
         SD |          4       15.38       61.54
         VT |          5       19.23       80.77
         WY |          5       19.23      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |         26      100.00

. tostring district, gen (dis) 
dis generated as str2

. replace dis = "AL" if dis == "0"
(26 real changes made)

. gen disid = state_po + dis 

. 
. * keep only DEM and REP 
. drop if writein == 1 
(151 observations deleted)

. 
. keep year disid party candidate candidatevotes totalvotes 

. 
. fre party 

party -- party
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   AMERICAN                        |          3       0.25       0.25       0.25
        C4C 2018                        |          1       0.08       0.08       0.33
        CANNOT BE BOUGHT                |          1       0.08       0.08       0.41
        CHECK THIS COLUMN               |          1       0.08       0.08       0.50
        CONSERVATIVE                    |         19       1.57       1.57       2.07
        CONSTITUTION                    |          7       0.58       0.58       2.65
        DEMOCRAT                        |        433      35.84      35.84      38.49
        DEMOCRATIC-FARMER-LABOR         |          8       0.66       0.66      39.16
        DEMOCRATIC-NPL                  |          1       0.08       0.08      39.24
        ED THE BARBER                   |          1       0.08       0.08      39.32
        FREEDOM, RESPONSIBILITY, ACTION |          1       0.08       0.08      39.40
        GREEN                           |         29       2.40       2.40      41.80
        HONESTY, INTEGRITY, COMPASSION  |          1       0.08       0.08      41.89
        INDEPENDENCE                    |         13       1.08       1.08      42.96
        INDEPENDENT                     |         58       4.80       4.80      47.76
        INDEPENDENT AMERICAN            |          4       0.33       0.33      48.10
        LEGAL MARIJUANA NOW             |          1       0.08       0.08      48.18
        LEGAL MEDICAL NOW               |          1       0.08       0.08      48.26
        LIBERTARIAN                     |        112       9.27       9.27      57.53
        LIBERTY UNION                   |          1       0.08       0.08      57.62
        :                               |          :          :          :          :
        NO PARTY PREFERENCE             |          2       0.17       0.17      59.02
        NONPARTISAN                     |          1       0.08       0.08      59.11
        OTHER                           |          1       0.08       0.08      59.19
        PACIFIC GREEN                   |          2       0.17       0.17      59.35
        REFORM                          |         25       2.07       2.07      61.42
        REPUBLICAN                      |        399      33.03      33.03      94.45
        TAX REVOLT                      |          1       0.08       0.08      94.54
        THE INCLUSION CANDIDATE         |          1       0.08       0.08      94.62
        TIME FOR CHANGE                 |          1       0.08       0.08      94.70
        TIME FOR TRUTH                  |          1       0.08       0.08      94.78
        TRADE, HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT      |          1       0.08       0.08      94.87
        UNAFFILIATED                    |          1       0.08       0.08      94.95
        UNENROLLED                      |          2       0.17       0.17      95.12
        UNITED UTAH                     |          1       0.08       0.08      95.20
        US TAXPAYERS                    |          4       0.33       0.33      95.53
        WE DESERVE BETTER               |          1       0.08       0.08      95.61
        WOMEN'S EQUALITY                |         18       1.49       1.49      97.10
        WORKING CLASS                   |          5       0.41       0.41      97.52
        WORKING FAMILIES                |         29       2.40       2.40      99.92
        YOUR VOICE HARD                 |          1       0.08       0.08     100.00
        Total                           |       1208     100.00     100.00           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. keep if party == "DEMOCRAT" | party == "REPUBLICAN"
(376 observations deleted)

. gen voteshare = candidatevotes / totalvotes 

. 
. 
. keep disid party candidate voteshare 

. 
. * Create a variable for candidate 1 or 2 
. gen candidates = . 
(832 missing values generated)

. replace candidates = 1 if party == "DEMOCRAT"
(433 real changes made)

. replace candidates = 2 if party == "REPUBLICAN"
(399 real changes made)

. 
. label define candidates_label 1 "Candidate 1" 2 "Candidate 2"

. label values candidates candidates_label 

. 
. * candidate 1 = democrats; candidate 2 = republicans 
. tab candidates party 

            |         party
 candidates |  DEMOCRAT  REPUBLI.. |     Total
------------+----------------------+----------
Candidate 1 |       433          0 |       433 
Candidate 2 |         0        399 |       399 
------------+----------------------+----------
      Total |       433        399 |       832 


. 
. rename candidate name 

. 
. * districts with 2 dem or 2 reps or more 
. duplicates tag disid candidates, gen(duplicate)

Duplicates in terms of disid candidates

. tab duplicate

  duplicate |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        811       97.48       97.48
          1 |         14        1.68       99.16
          2 |          3        0.36       99.52
          3 |          4        0.48      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        832      100.00

. tab disid if duplicate == 1

      disid |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
       CA27 |          2       14.29       14.29
       CA44 |          2       14.29       28.57
        CA6 |          2       14.29       42.86
        CA8 |          2       14.29       57.14
        LA3 |          2       14.29       71.43
        LA6 |          2       14.29       85.71
        WA9 |          2       14.29      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |         14      100.00

. 
. 
. tab  party voteshare if disid == "CA27"

                      |       voteshare
                party |  .2079196   .7920804 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |         1          1 |         2 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. tab  name voteshare if disid == "CA27"

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |  .2079196   .7920804 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
           BRYAN WITT |         1          0 |         1 
             JUDY CHU |         0          1 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. replace candidates = 3 if name == "BRYAN WITT"
(1 real change made)

. 
. tab party voteshare if disid == "CA44"

                      |       voteshare
                party |  .3166157   .6833842 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |         1          1 |         2 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. tab name voteshare if disid == "CA44"

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |  .3166157   .6833842 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
          AJA L BROWN |         1          0 |         1 
NANETTE DIAZ BARRAGAN |         0          1 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. replace candidates = 3 if name == "AJA L BROWN"
(1 real change made)

. 
. tab party voteshare if disid == "CA6"

                      |       voteshare
                party |  .1957423   .8042578 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |         1          1 |         2 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. tab name voteshare if disid == "CA6"

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |  .1957423   .8042578 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
         DORIS MATSUI |         0          1 |         1 
      JRMAR JEFFERSON |         1          0 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. replace candidates = 3 if name == "JRMAR JEFFERSON"
(1 real change made)

. 
. tab party voteshare if disid == "CA8"

                      |       voteshare
                party |  .4003279   .5996721 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
           REPUBLICAN |         1          1 |         2 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. tab name voteshare if disid == "CA8" 

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |  .4003279   .5996721 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
            PAUL COOK |         0          1 |         1 
         TIM DONNELLY |         1          0 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. replace candidates = 4 if name == "TIM DONNELLY"
(1 real change made)

. 
. tab party voteshare if disid == "LA3"

                      |                             voteshare
                party |  .0317757   .0394075   .0547973    .127619   .1778014   .5565355 |     Total
----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |         1          1          1          0          1          0 |         4 
           REPUBLICAN |         0          0          0          1          0          1 |         2 
----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1          1          1          1          1 |         6 


. tab name voteshare if disid == "LA3" & party == "DEMOCRAT"

                      |                  voteshare
            candidate |  .0317757   .0394075   .0547973   .1778014 |     Total
----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------
       "ROB" ANDERSON |         0          0          1          0 |         1 
          LARRY RADER |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
MILDRED "MIMI" METH.. |         0          0          0          1 |         1 
        VERONE THOMAS |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1          1          1 |         4 


. drop if  name == "LARRY RADER" | name == "VERONE THOMAS"
(2 observations deleted)

. 
. tab name voteshare if disid == "LA3" & party == "REPUBLICAN"

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |   .127619   .5565355 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
      "JOSH" GUILLORY |         1          0 |         1 
         CLAY HIGGINS |         0          1 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. drop if disid == "LA3" & party == "REPUBLICAN" & name != "CLAY HIGGINS"
(1 observation deleted)

. 
. tab voteshare name if disid == "LA3"

           |            candidate
 voteshare | "ROB" A..  CLAY HI..  MILDRED.. |     Total
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
  .0547973 |         1          0          0 |         1 
  .1778014 |         0          0          1 |         1 
  .5565355 |         0          1          0 |         1 
-----------+---------------------------------+----------
     Total |         1          1          1 |         3 


. drop if disid == "LA3" & voteshare < .10 
(1 observation deleted)

. 
. tab party voteshare if disid == "LA6"

                      |            voteshare
                party |    .08054   .2051541   .6947323 |     Total
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |         1          1          0 |         2 
           REPUBLICAN |         0          0          1 |         1 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1          1 |         3 


. tab name voteshare if disid == "LA6" & party == "DEMOCRAT"

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |    .08054   .2051541 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
       "ANDIE" SAIZAN |         1          0 |         1 
        JUSTIN DEWITT |         0          1 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. drop if voteshare < .10 & disid == "LA6" & party == "DEMOCRAT"
(1 observation deleted)

. 
. tab party voteshare if disid == "WA9"

                      |       voteshare
                party |      .321       .679 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |         1          1 |         2 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. tab name voteshare if disid == "WA9"

                      |       voteshare
            candidate |      .321       .679 |     Total
----------------------+----------------------+----------
           ADAM SMITH |         0          1 |         1 
          SARAH SMITH |         1          0 |         1 
----------------------+----------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1 |         2 


. replace candidates = 3 if name == "SARAH SMITH"
(1 real change made)

. 
. tab disid if duplicate == 2

      disid |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
        LA1 |          3      100.00      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |          3      100.00

. tab party if disid == "LA1"

                                  party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                               DEMOCRAT |          3       75.00       75.00
                             REPUBLICAN |          1       25.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          4      100.00

. tab name voteshare if disid == "LA1" & party == "DEMOCRAT"

                      |            voteshare
            candidate |  .0322584    .068913    .164385 |     Total
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
        "JIM" FRANCIS |         1          0          0 |         1 
        LEE ANN DUGAS |         0          1          0 |         1 
       TAMMY M SAVOIE |         0          0          1 |         1 
----------------------+---------------------------------+----------
                Total |         1          1          1 |         3 


. drop if voteshare < .10 & disid == "LA1" & party == "DEMOCRAT"
(2 observations deleted)

. 
. tab disid if duplicate == 3

      disid |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
        LA3 |          1      100.00      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |          1      100.00

. tab party if disid == "LA3"

                                  party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                               DEMOCRAT |          1       50.00       50.00
                             REPUBLICAN |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. 
. 
. drop duplicate

. duplicates tag disid candidates, gen(duplicate)

Duplicates in terms of disid candidates

. tab duplicate

  duplicate |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |        825      100.00      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        825      100.00

. 
. * In most cases candidate 1 = democrats; candidate 2 = republican, with the exception of 5 cases where ther
> e are 2 people of the same party running 
. tab party candidates

                      |                 candidates
                party | Candidate  Candidate          3          4 |     Total
----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------
             DEMOCRAT |       423          0          4          0 |       427 
           REPUBLICAN |         0        397          0          1 |       398 
----------------------+--------------------------------------------+----------
                Total |       423        397          4          1 |       825 


. 
. gen party_new = candidates 

. label define party_new_label 1 "Democrat" 2 "Republican" 3 "Second Dem" 4 "Second Rep"

. label values party_new party_new_label

. tab party_new party 

           |         party
 party_new |  DEMOCRAT  REPUBLI.. |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
  Democrat |       423          0 |       423 
Republican |         0        397 |       397 
Second Dem |         4          0 |         4 
Second Rep |         0          1 |         1 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |       427        398 |       825 


. drop party

. rename party_new party 

. 
. tab party 

      party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
   Democrat |        423       51.27       51.27
 Republican |        397       48.12       99.39
 Second Dem |          4        0.48       99.88
 Second Rep |          1        0.12      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        825      100.00

. 
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets

. save "US_2018_results_temp.dta", replace 
file US_2018_results_temp.dta saved

. 
. keep disid voteshare party candidates 

. 
. * Reshape to create winner and distance to winner 
. reshape wide voteshare party, i(disid) j(candidates) 
(note: j = 1 2 3 4)

Data                               long   ->   wide
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of obs.                      825   ->     435
Number of variables                   4   ->       9
j variable (4 values)        candidates   ->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                              voteshare   ->   voteshare1 voteshare2 ... voteshare4
                                  party   ->   party1 party2 ... party4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * Winner share for each constituency 
. gen winshare = . 
(435 missing values generated)

. replace winshare = voteshare1 if voteshare1 > voteshare2 
(195 real changes made)

. replace winshare = voteshare2 if voteshare2 > voteshare1  
(190 real changes made)

. replace winshare = voteshare1 if voteshare1 > voteshare3 
(4 real changes made)

. replace winshare = voteshare2 if voteshare2 > voteshare4
(1 real change made)

. * add unopposed
. replace winshare = voteshare1 if voteshare2==.
(34 real changes made)

. replace winshare = voteshare2 if voteshare1==. 
(11 real changes made)

. 
. 
. * Merge to the long format data - now have a dataset with voteshare and winner share per district 
. keep disid winshare 

. saveold "us2018_winshare.dta", replace  
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file us2018_winshare.dta saved

. 
. merge 1:m disid using  "US_2018_results_temp.dta"
(label party_new_label already defined)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                             0
    matched                               825  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. sort disid 

. drop _merge 

. 
. gen winner = 0 

. replace winner = 1 if winshare == voteshare
(435 real changes made)

. * replace winner = . if winshare == .
. 
. gen distance = winshare - voteshare

. replace distance = 0 if winner == 1
(0 real changes made)

. 
. rename distance distance_2018

. rename voteshare share_2018

. 
. 
. * check duplicates
.  duplicates list party disid

Duplicates in terms of party disid

(0 observations are duplicates)

. 
.  keep disid party distance_2018 share_2018 

. 
. 
. saveold "2018_results_for_merge.dta", replace 
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file 2018_results_for_merge.dta saved

. 
. ***********************************************************************************************************
> ***********************
. 
. ** Candidates data coding and cleaning, merge to CES data
. 
. import excel "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\US candidates 16 June 2023.xls", ///
>         sheet("house_candidates_2020(1) v2") firstrow clear

. 
. * District Name + Code
. gen disid = State + District 

. sort disid 

. 
. gen party_candidate = "D" if party == "Democrats"
(417 missing values generated)

. replace party_candidate = "R" if party == "Republican"
(417 real changes made)

. 
. * Create identifier for district + party
. gen disid_party = disid + party_candidate

. 
. duplicates list disid_party

Duplicates in terms of disid_party

  +--------------------------+
  | group:   obs:   disid_~y |
  |--------------------------|
  |      1     49      CA14R |
  |      1     50      CA14R |
  |      2    109      CA44D |
  |      2    110      CA44D |
  |      3    129      CA53D |
  |--------------------------|
  |      3    130      CA53D |
  |      4    134       CA7D |
  |      4    135       CA7D |
  |      5    217       FL9R |
  |      5    218       FL9R |
  |--------------------------|
  |      6    344       LA5R |
  |      6    346       LA5R |
  |      7    462      NC13R |
  |      7    463      NC13R |
  |      8    809      WA10D |
  |--------------------------|
  |      8    810      WA10D |
  +--------------------------+

. 
. * The races where two democrats were running 
. * Rename the secondary (losers) to _2 
. tab candidates if disid_party == "CA44D"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                          Analilia Joya |          1       50.00       50.00
                  Nanette Diaz Barragan |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. tab candidates if disid_party == "CA53D"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                        Georgette Gomez |          1       50.00       50.00
                            Sara Jacobs |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. tab candidates if disid_party == "WA10D"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                            Beth Doglio |          1       50.00       50.00
                     Marilyn Strickland |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. 
. replace disid_party = "CA44D2" if disid_party == "CA44D" & candidates == "Analilia Joya"
(1 real change made)

. replace disid_party = "CA53D2" if disid_party == "CA53D" & candidates == "Georgette Gomez"
(1 real change made)

. replace disid_party = "WA10D2" if disid_party == "WA10D" & candidates == "Beth Doglio"
(1 real change made)

. 
. * Races where two republicans ran
. * Rename the secondary (loser) to _2
. tab candidates if disid_party == "LA5R"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                           Lance Harris |          1       50.00       50.00
                            Luke Letlow |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. replace disid_party = "LA5R2" if disid_party == "LA5R" & candidates == "Lance Harris"
(1 real change made)

. 
. 
. * Duplicates 
. duplicates list disid_party 

Duplicates in terms of disid_party

  +--------------------------+
  | group:   obs:   disid_~y |
  |--------------------------|
  |      1     49      CA14R |
  |      1     50      CA14R |
  |      2    134       CA7D |
  |      2    135       CA7D |
  |      3    217       FL9R |
  |--------------------------|
  |      3    218       FL9R |
  |      4    462      NC13R |
  |      4    463      NC13R |
  +--------------------------+

. 
. * Explore the additional duplicates
. * Alison Hayden in CWAP data is in CA15 not CA14
. tab candidates if disid_party == "CA14R"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                          Alison Hayden |          1       50.00       50.00
                           Ran S. Petel |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. replace disid_party = "CA15R" if candidates == "Alison Hayden"
(1 real change made)

. replace District = "15" if candidates == "Alison Hayden"
(1 real change made)

. replace disid = "CA15" if candidates == "Alison Hayden"
(1 real change made)

. 
. * Karen Bass is in CA37 not CA7 according to CWAP and ballotpedia 
. tab candidates if disid_party == "CA7D"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                     Amerish 'Ami' Bera |          1       50.00       50.00
                          Karen R. Bass |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. replace disid_party = "CA37D" if candidates == "Karen R. Bass"
(1 real change made)

. replace District = "37" if candidates == "Karen R. Bass"
(1 real change made)

. replace disid = "CA37" if candidates == "Karen R. Bass"
(1 real change made)

. 
. * Becky E. Hites is running in Georgia 13th not FL9th according to CWAP and ballotpedia
. tab candidates if disid_party == "FL9R"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                         Becky E. Hites |          1       50.00       50.00
                             Bill Olson |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. replace disid_party = "GA13R" if candidates == "Becky E. Hites"
(1 real change made)

. replace District = "13" if candidates == "Becky E. Hites"
(1 real change made)

. replace disid = "GA13" if candidates == "Becky E. Hites"
(1 real change made)

. 
. * Bill Brewster ran for the republicans in district 12, he was disqualified but appeared on ballot
. tab candidates if disid_party == "NC13R"

                             candidates |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
        Billy Joel 'Bill' Brewster, Jr. |          1       50.00       50.00
               Theodore Paul 'Ted' Budd |          1       50.00      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |          2      100.00

. replace disid_party = "NC12R" if candidates == "Billy Joel 'Bill' Brewster, Jr."
(1 real change made)

. replace District = "12" if candidates == "Billy Joel 'Bill' Brewster, Jr."
(1 real change made)

. replace disid = "NC12" if candidates == "Billy Joel 'Bill' Brewster, Jr."
(1 real change made)

. 
. * William Hanson in the file twice, but doesn't show up as a duplicate because the district for the second 
> entry is recorded as N/A
. * Drop duplicate
. drop if disid=="N/A4"
(1 observation deleted)

. 
. 
. * no more duplicates
.  duplicates list disid_party

Duplicates in terms of disid_party

(0 observations are duplicates)

. 
. 
. drop if State=="N/A"
(1 observation deleted)

.  
. 
. * Rename some variables for easier analysis (consistent with UK)
. tab gender 

     gender |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
    1. Male |        551       64.98       64.98
  2. Female |        297       35.02      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        848      100.00

. gen gender_candidate = . 
(848 missing values generated)

. replace gender_candidate = 1 if gender == "2. Female"
(297 real changes made)

. replace gender_candidate = 2 if gender == "1. Male"
(551 real changes made)

. label define candidate_label 1 "Female" 2 "Male"

. label values gender_candidate candidate_label 

. tab gender_candidate, missing

gender_cand |
      idate |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
     Female |        297       35.02       35.02
       Male |        551       64.98      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        848      100.00

. 
. 
. * Descriptives
. tab gender_candidate

gender_cand |
      idate |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
     Female |        297       35.02       35.02
       Male |        551       64.98      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        848      100.00

. tab  Incumbent gender_candidate, row miss

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |   gender_candidate
 Incumbent |    Female       Male |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         n |       181        236 |       417 
           |     43.41      56.59 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         y |       116        315 |       431 
           |     26.91      73.09 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |       297        551 |       848 
           |     35.02      64.98 |    100.00 


. tab party gender_candidate, row miss

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

           |   gender_candidate
     party |    Female       Male |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
 Democrats |       204        227 |       431 
           |     47.33      52.67 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
Republican |        93        324 |       417 
           |     22.30      77.70 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |       297        551 |       848 
           |     35.02      64.98 |    100.00 


. 
. 
. fre Winnerelecteddefeated 

Winnerelecteddefeated -- Winner (elected/defeated)
---------------------------------------------------------------
                  |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
------------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   defeated  |        408      48.11      48.11      48.11
        elected   |        439      51.77      51.77      99.88
        withdrawn |          1       0.12       0.12     100.00
        Total     |        848     100.00     100.00           
---------------------------------------------------------------

. encode Winnerelecteddefeated, gen(winner)

. recode winner 1=0 2=1 3=0 
(winner: 848 changes made)

. fre winner 

winner -- Winner (elected/defeated)
----------------------------------------------------------------
                   |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
-------------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   0          |        409      48.23      48.23      48.23
        1 defeated |        439      51.77      51.77     100.00
        Total      |        848     100.00     100.00           
----------------------------------------------------------------

. label define winner_label 0 "Lost" 1 "Won"

. label values winner winner_label

. tab Winnerelecteddefeated winner, miss

    Winner |        Winner
(elected/d |  (elected/defeated)
  efeated) |      Lost        Won |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
  defeated |       408          0 |       408 
   elected |         0        439 |       439 
 withdrawn |         1          0 |         1 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |       409        439 |       848 


. 
. tab party 

      party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
  Democrats |        431       50.83       50.83
 Republican |        417       49.17      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        848      100.00

. fre party 

party -- party
----------------------------------------------------------------
                   |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
-------------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   Democrats  |        431      50.83      50.83      50.83
        Republican |        417      49.17      49.17     100.00
        Total      |        848     100.00     100.00           
----------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. ****************************************
. * Merge the 2018 data
. * file "2018_results_for_merge.dta"
. ****************************************
. 
. * create a similar party coding (CA44; CA53; WA10) see above, note there are no races with 2 reps here
. duplicates list party disid 

Duplicates in terms of party disid

  +------------------------------------+
  | group:   obs:        party   disid |
  |------------------------------------|
  |      1    109    Democrats    CA44 |
  |      1    110    Democrats    CA44 |
  |      2    129    Democrats    CA53 |
  |      2    130    Democrats    CA53 |
  |      3    807    Democrats    WA10 |
  |------------------------------------|
  |      3    808    Democrats    WA10 |
  |      4    344   Republican     LA5 |
  |      4    346   Republican     LA5 |
  +------------------------------------+

. encode party, gen(party_new)

. replace party_new = 3 if disid_party == "CA44D2" | disid_party == "CA53D2" | disid_party == "WA10D2"
(3 real changes made)

. replace party_new = 4 if disid_party == "LA5R2"
(1 real change made)

. tab party party_new  

           |                    party
     party | Democrats  Republica          3          4 |     Total
-----------+--------------------------------------------+----------
 Democrats |       428          0          3          0 |       431 
Republican |         0        416          0          1 |       417 
-----------+--------------------------------------------+----------
     Total |       428        416          3          1 |       848 


. drop party

. rename party_new party

. label define party_label_new 1 "Democrat" 2 "Republican" 3 "Second Dem" 4 "Second Rep"

. label values party party_label_new 

. tab party

      party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
   Democrat |        428       50.47       50.47
 Republican |        416       49.06       99.53
 Second Dem |          3        0.35       99.88
 Second Rep |          1        0.12      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |        848      100.00

. 
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets

. saveold "US_candidate_merged.dta", replace 
(saving in Stata 13 format)
(FYI, saveold has options version(12) and version(11) that write files in older Stata formats)
file US_candidate_merged.dta saved

. 
. * Add the 2018 voteshare 
. 
. use "US_candidate_merged.dta", clear 

. 
. merge 1:1 disid party using "2018_results_for_merge.dta"
(note: variable party was long, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                           # of obs.
    -----------------------------------------
    not matched                            69
        from master                        46  (_merge==1)
        from using                         23  (_merge==2)

    matched                               802  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. 
. * In total 90 (RS - 69) are not merged; 51 (RS - 46) from the master and 39 (RS - 23) from using (2018 resu
> lts) are not matched. 6 of these observations are 'second rep' and 'second dem' cases that do not align acr
> oss districts. 
. tab party if _merge == 2

      party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
   Democrat |          8       34.78       34.78
 Republican |         11       47.83       82.61
 Second Dem |          3       13.04       95.65
 Second Rep |          1        4.35      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |         23      100.00

. tab party if _merge == 1

      party |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
   Democrat |         13       28.26       28.26
 Republican |         30       65.22       93.48
 Second Dem |          2        4.35       97.83
 Second Rep |          1        2.17      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |         46      100.00

. 
. tab disid if _merge == 2

       disid |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
-------------+-----------------------------------
         AL5 |          1        4.35        4.35
         AL6 |          1        4.35        8.70
         AR1 |          1        4.35       13.04
        CA12 |          1        4.35       17.39
        CA18 |          1        4.35       21.74
        CA27 |          1        4.35       26.09
        CA29 |          1        4.35       30.43
        CA38 |          1        4.35       34.78
        CA53 |          1        4.35       39.13
         CA6 |          1        4.35       43.48
         CA8 |          1        4.35       47.83
         FL2 |          1        4.35       52.17
        FL25 |          1        4.35       56.52
         IL8 |          1        4.35       60.87
         MA3 |          1        4.35       65.22
         MS4 |          1        4.35       69.57
         NJ6 |          1        4.35       73.91
         RI1 |          1        4.35       78.26
        SDAL |          1        4.35       82.61
         TN5 |          1        4.35       86.96
         VA9 |          1        4.35       91.30
        WA10 |          1        4.35       95.65
         WA9 |          1        4.35      100.00
-------------+-----------------------------------
       Total |         23      100.00

. 
. tab disid party if distance_2018==.

             |                    party
       disid |  Democrat  Republica  Second De  Second Re |     Total
-------------+--------------------------------------------+----------
         AZ7 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        CA13 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        CA20 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        CA27 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        CA40 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         CA5 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        CA53 |         0          0          1          0 |         1 
         CA6 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         CA8 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
DCNon-voting |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
        FL10 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        FL14 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        FL20 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        FL21 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        FL24 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         GA5 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         GA8 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         LA2 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         LA5 |         0          0          0          1 |         1 
         MA4 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        MI13 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         MN1 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN2 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN3 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN4 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN5 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN6 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN7 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MN8 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
         MS2 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         NC3 |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
        NDAL |         1          0          0          0 |         1 
        NY17 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         NY6 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         NY7 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         NY8 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        PA18 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        TX20 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        TX28 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        TX30 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         TX9 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         VA3 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
        WA10 |         0          0          1          0 |         1 
         WA2 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         WA9 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
         WI2 |         0          1          0          0 |         1 
-------------+--------------------------------------------+----------
       Total |        13         30          2          1 |        46 


. 
. 
. 
. ** give median distance if a candidate from that party did not stand in 2018 (excluding winners)
. tabstat distance_2018 if winner!=1, stats(mean)

    variable |      mean
-------------+----------
distanc~2018 |  .2648549
------------------------

. replace distance_2018 = 0.2648549 if distance==.
(46 real changes made)

. 
. ** set previous vote share to 0 if did not stand in 2018
. replace share_2018 = 0 if share_2018==.
(46 real changes made)

. 
. ** drop cases which are from the 2018 dataset and don't match to 2020
. drop if _merge==2&gender_candidate==.
(23 observations deleted)

. 
. drop _merge

. 
.  
. * Save candidate data edited
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets

. save "US_candidates_final.dta", replace 
file US_candidates_final.dta saved

. 
. 
. ************************************************
. * Merge the CES Data 
. ************************************************
. 
. * Open the CES data 
. use "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\CES\CES20_Common_OUTPUT_vv.dta", clear

. 
. * Code the district data
. gen state = . 
(61,000 missing values generated)

. tostring state, replace
state was float now str1

. replace state = "AL" if inputstate == 1
variable state was str1 now str2
(947 real changes made)

. replace state = "AK" if inputstate == 2
(115 real changes made)

. replace state = "AZ" if inputstate == 4 
(1,463 real changes made)

. replace state = "AR" if inputstate == 5
(536 real changes made)

. replace state = "CA" if inputstate == 6
(5,035 real changes made)

. replace state = "CO" if inputstate == 8
(1,061 real changes made)

. replace state = "CT" if inputstate == 9
(642 real changes made)

. replace state = "DE" if inputstate == 10
(240 real changes made)

. replace state = "DC" if inputstate == 11
(197 real changes made)

. replace state = "FL" if inputstate == 12
(4,615 real changes made)

. replace state = "GA" if inputstate == 13
(2,002 real changes made)

. replace state = "HI" if inputstate == 15
(196 real changes made)

. replace state = "ID" if inputstate == 16
(326 real changes made)

. replace state = "IL" if inputstate == 17
(2,292 real changes made)

. replace state = "IN" if inputstate == 18
(1,433 real changes made)

. replace state = "IA" if inputstate == 19
(632 real changes made)

. replace state = "KS" if inputstate == 20
(470 real changes made)

. replace state = "KY" if inputstate == 21
(1,004 real changes made)

. replace state = "LA" if inputstate == 22
(647 real changes made)

. replace state = "ME" if inputstate == 23
(351 real changes made)

. replace state = "MD" if inputstate == 24
(1,137 real changes made)

. replace state = "MA" if inputstate == 25
(1,219 real changes made)

. replace state = "MI" if inputstate == 26
(1,947 real changes made)

. replace state = "MN" if inputstate == 27
(1,007 real changes made)

. replace state = "MS" if inputstate == 28
(462 real changes made)

. replace state = "MO" if inputstate == 29
(1,382 real changes made)

. replace state = "MT" if inputstate == 30
(230 real changes made)

. replace state = "NE" if inputstate == 31
(351 real changes made)

. replace state = "NV" if inputstate == 32
(712 real changes made)

. replace state = "NH" if inputstate == 33
(365 real changes made)

. replace state = "NJ" if inputstate == 34
(1,683 real changes made)

. replace state = "NM" if inputstate == 35
(363 real changes made)

. replace state = "NY" if inputstate == 36
(3,705 real changes made)

. replace state = "NC" if inputstate == 37
(1,967 real changes made)

. replace state = "ND" if inputstate == 38
(157 real changes made)

. replace state = "OH" if inputstate == 39
(2,600 real changes made)

. replace state = "OK" if inputstate == 40
(569 real changes made)

. replace state = "OR" if inputstate == 41
(905 real changes made)

. replace state = "PA" if inputstate == 42
(3,144 real changes made)

. replace state = "RI" if inputstate == 44
(197 real changes made)

. replace state = "SC" if inputstate == 45
(1,073 real changes made)

. replace state = "SD" if inputstate == 46
(162 real changes made)

. replace state = "TN" if inputstate == 47
(1,414 real changes made)

. replace state = "TX" if inputstate == 48
(4,415 real changes made)

. replace state = "UT" if inputstate == 49
(509 real changes made)

. replace state = "VT" if inputstate == 50
(150 real changes made)

. replace state = "VA" if inputstate == 51
(1,824 real changes made)

. replace state = "WA" if inputstate == 53
(1,374 real changes made)

. replace state = "WV" if inputstate == 54
(444 real changes made)

. replace state = "WI" if inputstate == 55
(1,234 real changes made)

. replace state = "WY" if inputstate == 56
(95 real changes made)

. 
. 
. gen disid = state + cdid116

. 
. ** RS edits to make AL district codes consistent with the candidate data
. replace disid = "AKAL" if disid=="AK1"
(115 real changes made)

. replace disid = "DEAL" if disid=="DE1"
(240 real changes made)

. replace disid = "MTAL" if disid=="MT1"
(230 real changes made)

. replace disid = "NDAL" if disid=="ND1"
(157 real changes made)

. replace disid = "SDAL" if disid=="SD1"
(162 real changes made)

. replace disid = "VTAL" if disid=="VT1"
(150 real changes made)

. replace disid = "WYAL" if disid=="WY1"
(95 real changes made)

. 
. * For the respondent data there were respondents that were incorrectly assigned, remove these in the merged
. * data for the vote analysis (they were shown the incorrect congressional candidate)
. * Note they are included in the sexism analysis
. 
. tab CC20_422r_dk_flag

Raise sales |
    tax vs. |
      Raise |
 income tax |
    - don't |
       know |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |     40,830       79.20       79.20
          1 |     10,721       20.80      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     51,551      100.00

. tab CC20_421r_dk_flag 

        Tax |
  increases |
        vs. |
   Spending |
     cuts - |
 don't know |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |     43,164       83.73       83.73
          1 |      8,387       16.27      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     51,551      100.00

. 
. drop if CC20_422r_dk_flag == 1
(10,721 observations deleted)

. drop if CC20_421r_dk_flag == 1
(2,344 observations deleted)

. 
. sort disid

. 
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Data\USA\STATA datasets

. joinby disid using "US_candidates_final.dta", unmatched(both)

. 
. ** only cases unmatched = District of Columbia
. * Drop
. drop if _merge==1|_merge==2
(166 observations deleted)

. 
. 
. 
. tostring caseid, replace
caseid was double now str10

. 
. save "US_data.dta", replace 
file US_data.dta saved

. 
. ***********************************************************************************************************
> *************************
. 
. ** Analysis
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates

. 
. * Open merged candidate and voter data-set
. use "Data\USA\STATA datasets\US_data.dta", clear 

. 
. * Indicate whether race is male/male or male/female or female/female
. fre gender_candidate

gender_candidate
--------------------------------------------------------------
                 |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
-----------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   1 Female |      32745      35.14      35.14      35.14
        2 Male   |      60452      64.86      64.86     100.00
        Total    |      93197     100.00     100.00           
--------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. * takes value of 1 if it is a mixed race, value of 2 if just men 
. egen women_race = min(gender_candidate), by(disid)

. 
. * takes values of 1 if all women race, value of 2 if mixed or just men 
. egen women_only = max(gender_candidate), by(disid)

. 
. * at least 1 woman in race 
. gen sample_races=1 if women_race==1&women_only==2 
(49,321 missing values generated)

. replace sample_races=0 if sample_races==.
(49,321 real changes made)

. replace sample_races = . if gender_candidate == . 
(0 real changes made)

. 
. **male-female races
. codebook disid if sample_races==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disid                                                                                             (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str12), but longest is str4

         unique values:  196                      missing "":  0/43,876

              examples:  "FL16"
                         "MI11"
                         "NY1"
                         "SC1"

. **all-women races
. codebook disid if women_race==2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disid                                                                                             (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str12), but longest is str4

         unique values:  186                      missing "":  0/38,480

              examples:  "FL5"
                         "MA8"
                         "NY11"
                         "TN5"

. **all-male races
. codebook disid if women_only==1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disid                                                                                             (unlabeled)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str12), but longest is str4

         unique values:  53                       missing "":  0/10,841

              examples:  "FL23"
                         "IN2"
                         "NM1"
                         "TN1"

. 
. * sample races is just races where there is a man / woman match up, not women only races 
. label define sr_label 0 "All men or all women" 1 "Men vs. Woman" 

. label values sample_races sr_label

. 
. **********************
. * 1. Sexism measures
. **********************
. 
. gen offended = CC20_440d
(18,651 missing values generated)

. gen control = CC20_440c
(18,629 missing values generated)

.  
. alpha offended control  

Test scale = mean(unstandardized items)

Average interitem covariance:     1.148271
Number of items in the scale:            2
Scale reliability coefficient:      0.7996

. 
. * there are no DK responses, but there is lots of missing data N = 18.771 (askd of part survey?)
.  
.  * scale to range - 2 to +2 (positive values = high in sexism)
. recode offended 1=5 2=4 3=3 4=2 5=1 
(offended: 58734 changes made)

. recode offended 1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(offended: 74546 changes made)

. recode control 1=5 2=4 3=3 4=2 5=1
(control: 56655 changes made)

. recode control   1=-2 2=-1 3=0 4=1 5=2
(control: 74568 changes made)

. label define sexism_label -2 "Strongly disagree" -1 "Disagree" 0 "Neither" 1 "Agree" 2 "Strongly Agree"

. label values offended control sexism_label

. 
. * Correlation is 0.66
. pwcorr offended control, sig 

             | offended  control
-------------+------------------
    offended |   1.0000 
             |
             |
     control |   0.6678   1.0000 
             |   0.0000
             |

. 
. alpha offended control

Test scale = mean(unstandardized items)

Average interitem covariance:     1.148271
Number of items in the scale:            2
Scale reliability coefficient:      0.7996

. 
. * Create scales
. * "hostile" = offended and control, ranging -4 to +4
. * "hostile_rescale" = offended and control, ranging from -1 to +1
. * "hostile_rescale2" = offended and control, ranging from 0 to 2 
. 
. * rowtotal 
. egen hostile = rowtotal(offended control), missing
(18340 missing values generated)

. 
. * Recode -1 to +1 
. gen hostile_rescale = hostile / 4
(18,340 missing values generated)

. 
. tab hostile_rescale [aw=commonweight]

hostile_res |
       cale |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
         -1 | 15,306.808       20.45       20.45
       -.75 | 5,789.3975        7.73       28.18
        -.5 |8,794.17743       11.75       39.93
       -.25 | 8,016.0604       10.71       50.64
          0 |12,867.8468       17.19       67.83
        .25 | 8,912.7732       11.91       79.73
         .5 | 7,239.0567        9.67       89.41
        .75 | 4,206.6044        5.62       95.02
          1 |  3,724.276        4.98      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     74,857      100.00

. 
. ** rescale hostile sexism so 0 = least sexist
. gen hostile_rescale2 = hostile_rescale+1
(18,340 missing values generated)

. 
. gen nothostile=1 if hostile_rescale<0
(50,674 missing values generated)

. replace nothostile=0 if hostile_rescale>=0
(50,674 real changes made)

. gen hostile2=1 if hostile_rescale>0
(54,299 missing values generated)

. replace hostile2=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(54,299 real changes made)

. 
. 
. ** sample size
. codebook caseid if hostile_rescale2!=.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
caseid                                                                                       Panman Sample ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str10)

         unique values:  38,356                   missing "":  0/74,857

              examples:  "1237568909"
                         "1239885497"
                         "1242578385"
                         "1247683439"

. codebook caseid if tookpost==2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
caseid                                                                                       Panman Sample ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str10)

         unique values:  38,362                   missing "":  0/74,870

              examples:  "1237568909"
                         "1239885497"
                         "1242578153"
                         "1247683415"

. 
. 
. 
. ***********************
. * 2. DV = Votechoice
. ***********************
.  
. encode HouseCand1Party, gen(can1_party)

. encode HouseCand2Party, gen(can2_party)

. rename CC20_412 votechoice1

. recode votechoice1 11=3 12=3 10=. 13 =. 
(votechoice1: 3223 changes made)

. label define vote_label1 1 "Candidate 1" 2 "Candidate 2" 3 "Did not Vote"

. label values votechoice1 vote_label1

. 
. tab votechoice1 

  House vote |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
-------------+-----------------------------------
 Candidate 1 |     38,137       57.35       57.35
 Candidate 2 |     26,687       40.13       97.48
Did not Vote |      1,605        2.41       99.89
           4 |         11        0.02       99.91
           5 |          3        0.00       99.92
           6 |          8        0.01       99.93
           7 |         33        0.05       99.98
           8 |         12        0.02      100.00
           9 |          3        0.00      100.00
-------------+-----------------------------------
       Total |     66,499      100.00

. 
. * Party vote to identify if they voted Rep or Dem 
. * can1 party 1 = Democrat ; can2party 2 = Democrat, 5. = Republican 
. gen party_vote = . 
(93,197 missing values generated)

. replace party_vote = 1 if votechoice1 == 1 & can1_party == 1 | votechoice1 == 2 & can2_party == 2
(38,243 real changes made)

. replace party_vote = 2 if votechoice1 == 2 & can2_party == 5
(26,457 real changes made)

. replace party_vote = 3 if votechoice1 == 1 & can1_party == 2 | votechoice1 == 2 & can2_party == 3
(78 real changes made)

. replace party_vote = 4 if votechoice1 == 2 & can2_party == 1 | votechoice1 == 2 & can2_party == 4
(23 real changes made)

. replace party_vote = 5 if votechoice1 == 3
(1,605 real changes made)

. 
. label define party_vote_label 1 "Democrat" 2 "Republican" 3 "Independent"  4 "Other Party" 5 "Did not vote"

. label values party_vote party_vote_label

. 
. tab party_vote 

  party_vote |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
-------------+-----------------------------------
    Democrat |     38,243       57.59       57.59
  Republican |     26,457       39.84       97.43
 Independent |         78        0.12       97.55
 Other Party |         23        0.03       97.58
Did not vote |      1,605        2.42      100.00
-------------+-----------------------------------
       Total |     66,406      100.00

. 
. * match party vote to party candidate 
. * this removes non voters
. encode(party_candidate), gen(party_candidate1) 

. drop party_candidate

. rename party_candidate1 party_candidate 

. 
. gen vote_choice = 0

. replace vote_choice = 1 if party_candidate == 1 & party_vote == 1 | party_candidate == 2 & party_vote == 2 
(33,058 real changes made)

. replace vote_choice = 0 if vote_choice==.
(0 real changes made)

. replace vote_choice = . if party_vote==5
(1,605 real changes made, 1,605 to missing)

. 
. 
. * Rename for analysis 
. rename caseid id 

. recode gender_candidate (2=0) (1=1)
(gender_candidate: 60452 changes made)

. label define genderbinary 0 "men" 1 "women"

. label values gender_candidate genderbinary

.  
. ** non-partisan identifers
. gen nonpartisan = 0 

. replace nonpartisan = 1 if pid7 == 4
(12,923 real changes made)

. replace nonpartisan = . if pid7 == . | pid7 == 8
(3,264 real changes made, 3,264 to missing)

. 
. * Incumbent
. encode Incumbent, gen(incumbent)

. recode incumbent 1=0 2=1
(incumbent: 93197 changes made)

. label define incumbent_label 0 "Not incumbent" 1 "Incumbent"

. label values incumbent incumbent_label

. tab incumbent 

    Incumbent |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
--------------+-----------------------------------
Not incumbent |     45,850       49.20       49.20
    Incumbent |     47,347       50.80      100.00
--------------+-----------------------------------
        Total |     93,197      100.00

. 
. * Recoding to align with the UK coding
. fre gender

gender -- Gender
--------------------------------------------------------------
                 |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
-----------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   1 Male   |      42562      45.67      45.67      45.67
        2 Female |      50635      54.33      54.33     100.00
        Total    |      93197     100.00     100.00           
--------------------------------------------------------------

. recode gender 1=0 2=1 
(gender: 93197 changes made)

. label define gender_new  0 "Men" 1 "Women"

. label values gender gender_new

. 
. fre party_candidate

party_candidate
-----------------------------------------------------------
              |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
--------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   1 D   |      47080      50.52      50.52      50.52
        2 R   |      46117      49.48      49.48     100.00
        Total |      93197     100.00     100.00           
-----------------------------------------------------------

. fre party 

party -- party
------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |      Freq.    Percent      Valid       Cum.
---------------------+--------------------------------------------
Valid   1 Democrat   |      46845      50.26      50.26      50.26
        2 Republican |      46049      49.41      49.41      99.67
        3 Second Dem |        235       0.25       0.25      99.93
        4 Second Rep |         68       0.07       0.07     100.00
        Total        |      93197     100.00     100.00           
------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. gen party_candidate1 = . 
(93,197 missing values generated)

. replace party_candidate1 = 1 if party_candidate == 2 | party == 2 | party == 4
(46,117 real changes made)

. replace party_candidate1 = 2 if party_candidate == 1 | party == 1 | party == 3
(47,080 real changes made)

. label define party_label_new2 1 "Republican" 2 "Democrat"

. label values party_candidate1 party_label_new2 

. 
. drop party party_candidate

. rename party_candidate1 party_candidate

. 
. save "Data\US_data_recoded.dta", replace
file Data\US_data_recoded.dta saved

. 
. 
. * Set sample
. gen fullsample = 1 if gender_candidate !=. & party_candidate!=. & incumbent != . ///
>         & distance != . & hostile_rescale != . & vote_choice != . & commonpostweight != . & sample_races ==
>  1 
(58,450 missing values generated)

. replace fullsample = 0 if fullsample != 1
(58,450 real changes made)

. 
. ** identify respondents with all zeros on vote choice dependent var
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate if fullsample==1 & sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id) o
> r
note: 1,946 groups (3,925 obs) dropped because of all positive or
      all negative outcomes.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -9193.7583  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7947  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7936  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7936  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =      30.79
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7936               Pseudo R2         =     0.0028

                                         (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |               Robust
     vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
gender_candidate |
          women  |   .8817502   .0199982    -5.55   0.000      .843413    .9218301
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. gen wanted=e(sample)

. tab wanted

     wanted |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |     62,375       66.93       66.93
          1 |     30,822       33.07      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     93,197      100.00

. 
. ** Keep analytical sample
. keep if wanted==1
(62,375 observations deleted)

. 
. ** sample size
. codebook id

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id                                                                                           Panman Sample ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  type:  string (str10)

         unique values:  15,407                   missing "":  0/30,822

              examples:  "1237566401"
                         "1239833069"
                         "1242509119"
                         "1247018067"

. 
. ** scale reliability for analytical sample
. alpha offended control

Test scale = mean(unstandardized items)

Average interitem covariance:     1.176828
Number of items in the scale:            2
Scale reliability coefficient:      0.8041

. 
. 
. ****************************
. * 3.) Vote Models
. ****************************
. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates

. 
. ** Main Models
. * Voting for female candidates - with and without controls
. set more off

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate if fullsample==1 & sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id) o
> r

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -9193.7583  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7947  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7936  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7936  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(1)      =      30.79
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -9167.7936               Pseudo R2         =     0.0028

                                         (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |               Robust
     vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
gender_candidate |
          women  |   .8817502   .0199982    -5.55   0.000      .843413    .9218301
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. margins, dydx(gender_candidate) post

Conditional marginal effects                    Number of obs     =     30,822
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(vote_choice|fixed effect is 0), predict(pu0)
dy/dx w.r.t. : 1.gender_candidate

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |            Delta-method
                 |      dy/dx   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
gender_candidate |
          women  |  -.0314202   .0056476    -5.56   0.000    -.0424893    -.020351
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: dy/dx for factor levels is the discrete change from the base level.

. est store model_1

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 US.doc", replace se or  starlevels (10 5 1)

                                     ----------------------------------
                                      1.gender_candidate     0.969    
                                                           (0.005)*** 
                                      N                      30,822   
                                     ----------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance_2018  ///
>          if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id) or 

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -9017.6472  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -8687.4871  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -8681.8504  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -8681.8487  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -8681.8487  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(4)      =     503.91
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -8681.8487               Pseudo R2         =     0.0557

                                         (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |               Robust
     vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
gender_candidate |
          women  |   1.088725   .0343349     2.70   0.007     1.023468    1.158144
                 |
 party_candidate |
       Democrat  |   .9695555   .0280658    -1.07   0.285      .916079    1.026154
                 |
       incumbent |
      Incumbent  |   1.242697   .0469841     5.75   0.000     1.153939    1.338282
   distance_2018 |   .2488385   .0329359   -10.51   0.000      .191979    .3225383
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 6 US.doc", merge se or  starlevels (10 5 1)

                               -----------------------------------------------
                                                                 vote_choice 
                               -----------------------------------------------
                                1.gender_candidate     0.969        1.089    
                                                     (0.005)***  (0.034)***  
                                2.party_candidate                   0.970    
                                                                   (0.028)   
                                1.incumbent                         1.243    
                                                                 (0.047)***  
                                distance_2018                       0.249    
                                                                 (0.033)***  
                                N                      30,822      30,822    
                               -----------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins, dydx(gender_candidate) post

Average marginal effects                        Number of obs     =     30,822
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(vote_choice|fixed effect is 0), predict(pu0)
dy/dx w.r.t. : 1.gender_candidate

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |            Delta-method
                 |      dy/dx   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
gender_candidate |
          women  |   .0207034   .0076629     2.70   0.007     .0056844    .0357224
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: dy/dx for factor levels is the discrete change from the base level.

. est store model_2

. coefplot (model_1, label("M1 - Without controls")) (model_2, label("M2 - With controls")), title("US") ///
>         ytitle("AME voting for female candidate") ylabel("") xline(0) saving("Output\BJPS resubmission\US_t
> able6", replace)
(file Output\BJPS resubmission\US_table6.gph saved)

. 
. 
. * Voting for women by hostile sexism (controlling for party and sexism )
. set more off

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.distance_2018 if 
> fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -8487.5111  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -8182.8173  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -8177.1288  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -8177.1251  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -8177.1251  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(5)      =     788.70
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -8177.1251               Pseudo R2         =     0.1106

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |   2.283509   .0991955    19.01   0.000     2.097136    2.486445
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .3796961   .0172291   -21.34   0.000     .3473857    .4150116
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   1.022363   .0347764     0.65   0.516      .956425    1.092847
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.228285   .0481324     5.25   0.000     1.137479     1.32634
                      distance_2018 |   .2476624   .0350127    -9.87   0.000     .1877256    .3267357
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.    outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 US.doc", replace se or ctitle("", " c.gender*sexism") sta
> rlevels (10 5 1)

                         -----------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   c.gender*sexism 
                         -----------------------------------------------------------
                          1.gender_candidate                           2.284       
                                                                     (0.099)***    
                          1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2        0.380       
                                                                     (0.017)***    
                          2.party_candidate                            1.022       
                                                                      (0.035)      
                          1.incumbent                                  1.228       
                                                                     (0.048)***    
                          distance_2018                                0.248       
                                                                     (0.035)***    
                          N                                            30,822      
                         -----------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -7366.6544  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -6895.8449  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -6844.3633  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -6844.2613  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -6844.2613  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1324.79
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -6844.2613               Pseudo R2         =     0.2556

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |    1.17373   .0713284     2.64   0.008     1.041934    1.322197
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .9505823   .0688507    -0.70   0.484     .8247782    1.095576
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   4.953485   .2863331    27.68   0.000     4.422906    5.547713
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .1295257   .0095041   -27.85   0.000     .1121755    .1495595
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.221974   .0562897     4.35   0.000     1.116482    1.337433
                      distance_2018 |   .2103524   .0350046    -9.37   0.000     .1518097    .2914711
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 7 US.doc", merge se or ctitle("", " c.gender*sexism") starlev
> els (10 5 1)

                -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          c.gender*sexism   c.gender*sexism 
                -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 1.gender_candidate                           2.284             1.174       
                                                            (0.099)***        (0.071)***    
                 1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2        0.380             0.951       
                                                            (0.017)***         (0.069)      
                 2.party_candidate                            1.022             4.953       
                                                             (0.035)          (0.286)***    
                 1.incumbent                                  1.228             1.222       
                                                            (0.048)***        (0.056)***    
                 distance_2018                                0.248             0.210       
                                                            (0.035)***        (0.035)***    
                 2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                           0.130       
                                                                              (0.010)***    
                 N                                            30,822            30,822      
                -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


.  
. * Robustness checks
. * For men and women
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if gender==1&fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id) or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -3297.8446  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -3061.6942  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -3039.1898  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -3039.1337  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -3039.1337  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     15,898
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1319.49
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -3039.1337               Pseudo R2         =     0.3004

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |    1.20864   .0873198     2.62   0.009     1.049061    1.392493
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .9436969   .0761302    -0.72   0.473     .8056828    1.105353
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   5.616169   .3900622    24.85   0.000     4.901413    6.435155
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .1018645    .008188   -28.42   0.000     .0870167    .1192459
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.175497   .0714068     2.66   0.008     1.043553    1.324124
                      distance_2018 |   .1354625     .03011    -8.99   0.000      .087623    .2094209
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\gender US.doc", merge se or ctitle("", "women") st
> arlevels (10 5 1)

          -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    c.gender*sexism   c.gender*sexism    women    
          -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           1.gender_candidate                           2.284             1.174          1.209    
                                                      (0.099)***        (0.071)***     (0.087)*** 
           1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2        0.380             0.951          0.944    
                                                      (0.017)***         (0.069)        (0.076)   
           2.party_candidate                            1.022             4.953          5.616    
                                                       (0.035)          (0.286)***     (0.390)*** 
           1.incumbent                                  1.228             1.222          1.175    
                                                      (0.048)***        (0.056)***     (0.071)*** 
           distance_2018                                0.248             0.210          0.135    
                                                      (0.035)***        (0.035)***     (0.030)*** 
           2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                           0.130          0.102    
                                                                        (0.010)***     (0.008)*** 
           N                                            30,822            30,822         15,898   
          -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if gender==0&fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id) or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -4058.1538  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -3965.9723  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -3786.5329  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -3785.6307  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood =   -3785.63  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood =   -3785.63  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     14,924
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =     481.04
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood =   -3785.63               Pseudo R2         =     0.2195

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |    1.15593   .1096067     1.53   0.126     .9598857    1.392014
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .9482278   .1013745    -0.50   0.619     .7689732    1.169268
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |    4.38679    .396006    16.38   0.000     3.675419    5.235846
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .1559883   .0169387   -17.11   0.000     .1260841    .1929851
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.260388   .0845036     3.45   0.001     1.105185    1.437387
                      distance_2018 |   .2944529   .0691466    -5.21   0.000      .185835    .4665563
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\gender US", merge se or ctitle("", "men") starleve
> ls (10 5 1)

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              c.gender*sexism   c.gender*sexism    women        men     
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1.gender_candidate                           2.284             1.174          1.209       1.156    
                                                (0.099)***        (0.071)***     (0.087)***   (0.110)   
     1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2        0.380             0.951          0.944       0.948    
                                                (0.017)***         (0.069)        (0.076)     (0.101)   
     2.party_candidate                            1.022             4.953          5.616       4.387    
                                                 (0.035)          (0.286)***     (0.390)***  (0.396)*** 
     1.incumbent                                  1.228             1.222          1.175       1.260    
                                                (0.048)***        (0.056)***     (0.071)***  (0.085)*** 
     distance_2018                                0.248             0.210          0.135       0.294    
                                                (0.035)***        (0.035)***     (0.030)***  (0.069)*** 
     2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                           0.130          0.102       0.156    
                                                                  (0.010)***     (0.008)***  (0.017)*** 
     N                                            30,822            30,822         15,898      14,924   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
.  * partisans and non partisans   
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&nonpartisan==0 [pw=commonweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -6787.7033  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -6315.4544  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -6263.9603  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -6263.8324  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -6263.8323  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     27,440
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1816.30
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -6263.8323               Pseudo R2         =     0.2852

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |   1.236268   .0714862     3.67   0.000     1.103806    1.384627
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |    .934836   .0617414    -1.02   0.308     .8213299    1.064028
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   5.562963    .306573    31.14   0.000     4.993405    6.197487
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |    .107449   .0071213   -33.66   0.000     .0943601    .1223535
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.208123   .0541198     4.22   0.000     1.106573    1.318991
                      distance_2018 |   .1731527   .0275301   -11.03   0.000     .1267927    .2364636
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\partisanship US.doc", replace se or ctitle("", " c
> .partisans") starlevels (10 5 1)

                           -------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     c.partisans 
                           -------------------------------------------------------
                            1.gender_candidate                         1.236     
                                                                     (0.071)***  
                            1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2      0.935     
                                                                      (0.062)    
                            2.party_candidate                          5.563     
                                                                     (0.307)***  
                            2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.107     
                                                                     (0.007)***  
                            1.incumbent                                1.208     
                                                                     (0.054)***  
                            distance_2018                              0.173     
                                                                     (0.028)***  
                            N                                          27,440    
                           -------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&nonpartisan==1 [pw=commonweight], group(id)  or  
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -817.6191  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -793.54608  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -773.25005  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood =  -773.1872  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -773.18717  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =      3,236
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =     140.23
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -773.18717               Pseudo R2         =     0.1537

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |   .9057036   .1606489    -0.56   0.577     .6397415    1.282235
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   1.177941   .2042521     0.94   0.345     .8385463    1.654702
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   3.002031   .5106259     6.46   0.000     2.150955    4.189855
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .1940472   .0338275    -9.41   0.000     .1378862    .2730826
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.299133   .1636796     2.08   0.038     1.014868    1.663021
                      distance_2018 |   .6021808   .2453853    -1.24   0.213     .2709362    1.338402
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\partisanship US.doc", merge se or ctitle("", " c.n
> on-partisan") starlevels (10 5 1)

                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            c.partisans   c.non-partisan 
                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1.gender_candidate                         1.236           0.906      
                                                            (0.071)***       (0.161)     
                   1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2      0.935           1.178      
                                                             (0.062)         (0.204)     
                   2.party_candidate                          5.563           3.002      
                                                            (0.307)***     (0.511)***    
                   2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2       0.107           0.194      
                                                            (0.007)***     (0.034)***    
                   1.incumbent                                1.208           1.299      
                                                            (0.054)***      (0.164)**    
                   distance_2018                              0.173           0.602      
                                                            (0.028)***       (0.245)     
                   N                                          27,440          3,236      
                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * By party
. tab pid7

          7 point Party ID |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
---------------------------+-----------------------------------
           Strong Democrat |      9,426       30.58       30.58
  Not very strong Democrat |      3,108       10.08       40.67
             Lean Democrat |      3,638       11.80       52.47
               Independent |      3,236       10.50       62.97
           Lean Republican |      2,914        9.45       72.42
Not very strong Republican |      2,528        8.20       80.62
         Strong Republican |      5,826       18.90       99.53
                  Not sure |        146        0.47      100.00
---------------------------+-----------------------------------
                     Total |     30,822      100.00

. gen democrat=1 if pid7>=1&pid7<=3
(14,650 missing values generated)

. replace democrat=0 if pid7>=4&pid7<=8
(14,650 real changes made)

. gen republican=1 if pid7>=5&pid7<=7
(19,554 missing values generated)

. replace republican=0 if pid7>=1&pid7<=4|pid7==8
(19,554 real changes made)

. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&democrat==1 [pw=commonweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1629.4267  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -1128.9786  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1090.8662  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1060.7677  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1060.5018  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -1060.5015  
Iteration 6:   log pseudolikelihood = -1060.5015  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     16,172
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1509.04
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1060.5015               Pseudo R2         =     0.7636

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |   1.111473   .1798061     0.65   0.514      .809464     1.52616
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |     1.0953   .1482667     0.67   0.501      .840058    1.428095
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   56.26525   9.228664    24.57   0.000     40.79676    77.59878
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .1915643   .0257019   -12.32   0.000     .1472686    .2491834
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |    1.19887   .1390093     1.56   0.118      .955158    1.504767
                      distance_2018 |   .3895553   .1705378    -2.15   0.031      .165171    .9187649
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party US.doc", replace se or ctitle("", "c. Democr
> atic identifiers") starlevels (10 5 1)

                    --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             c. Democratic identifiers 
                    --------------------------------------------------------------------
                     1.gender_candidate                                1.111           
                                                                      (0.180)          
                     1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2             1.095           
                                                                      (0.148)          
                     2.party_candidate                                56.265           
                                                                    (9.229)***         
                     2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.192           
                                                                    (0.026)***         
                     1.incumbent                                       1.199           
                                                                      (0.139)          
                     distance_2018                                     0.390           
                                                                     (0.171)**         
                     N                                                16,172           
                    --------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.distance_2018 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1&republican==1 [pw=commonweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -1772.7691  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =  -1317.795  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -1207.3499  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -1205.3589  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -1205.3547  
Iteration 5:   log pseudolikelihood = -1205.3547  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     11,268
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1843.14
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -1205.3547               Pseudo R2         =     0.7182

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |   1.291704   .1857895     1.78   0.075     .9743885    1.712355
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .9626005    .132769    -0.28   0.782      .734585    1.261392
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |    .123264   .0177935   -14.50   0.000     .0928887    .1635722
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .4208329   .0577124    -6.31   0.000     .3216453    .5506075
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.559325   .1729407     4.01   0.000     1.254678    1.937944
                      distance_2018 |   .2735561   .1160005    -3.06   0.002     .1191509    .6280517
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party US.doc", merge se or ctitle("", "c. Republic
> an identifiers") starlevels (10 5 1)

       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                c. Democratic identifiers  c. Republican identifiers 
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        1.gender_candidate                                1.111                      1.292           
                                                         (0.180)                   (0.186)*          
        1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2             1.095                      0.963           
                                                         (0.148)                    (0.133)          
        2.party_candidate                                56.265                      0.123           
                                                       (9.229)***                 (0.018)***         
        2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2              0.192                      0.421           
                                                       (0.026)***                 (0.058)***         
        1.incumbent                                       1.199                      1.559           
                                                         (0.139)                  (0.173)***         
        distance_2018                                     0.390                      0.274           
                                                        (0.171)**                 (0.116)***         
        N                                                16,172                     11,268           
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. * Using "women seek to gain power by getting control over men" (consistent across countries)
. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.control i.party_candidate##c.control i.incumbent c.distance_2018 /
> //
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id)  or 
note: control omitted because of collinearity
note: control omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -7935.7278  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood =   -7610.58  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -7464.8939  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -7464.7662  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -7464.7661  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,686
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1163.82
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -7464.7661               Pseudo R2         =     0.1843

                                                   (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           |               Robust
               vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
          gender_candidate |
                    women  |   1.072292   .0462632     1.62   0.106     .9853459     1.16691
                   control |          1  (omitted)
                           |
gender_candidate#c.control |
                    women  |   .9701474   .0285684    -1.03   0.303     .9157396    1.027788
                           |
           party_candidate |
                 Democrat  |   .6436771   .0260429   -10.89   0.000     .5946054    .6967986
                   control |          1  (omitted)
                           |
 party_candidate#c.control |
                 Democrat  |   .4886801   .0144688   -24.18   0.000     .4611289    .5178774
                           |
                 incumbent |
                Incumbent  |   1.223496   .0528055     4.67   0.000     1.124256    1.331497
             distance_2018 |   .2269093   .0348531    -9.66   0.000     .1679222     .306617
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\control item US.doc", replace se or ctitle("", " 
> c.gender*sexism") starlevels (10 5 1)

                             --------------------------------------------------
                                                              c.gender*sexism 
                             --------------------------------------------------
                              1.gender_candidate                  1.072       
                                                                 (0.046)      
                              1.gender_candidate#c.control        0.970       
                                                                 (0.029)      
                              2.party_candidate                   0.644       
                                                                (0.026)***    
                              2.party_candidate#c.control         0.489       
                                                                (0.014)***    
                              1.incumbent                         1.223       
                                                                (0.053)***    
                              distance_2018                       0.227       
                                                                (0.035)***    
                              N                                   30,686      
                             --------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


.  
.  ** Vote share in 2018 as a control
.  pwcorr distance_2018 share_2018 /** correlation = -0.7825 **/

             | dis~2018 sha~2018
-------------+------------------
distanc~2018 |   1.0000 
  share_2018 |  -0.7825   1.0000 

.  
.  clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.share_2018  ///
>          if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id) or 

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -9061.5842  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -8715.9142  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -8699.946  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -8699.9263  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -8699.9263  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(4)      =     472.27
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -8699.9263               Pseudo R2         =     0.0537

                                         (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |               Robust
     vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
gender_candidate |
          women  |   1.071859   .0339954     2.19   0.029     1.007258    1.140604
                 |
 party_candidate |
       Democrat  |   .9759788   .0282759    -0.84   0.401     .9221031    1.033002
                 |
       incumbent |
      Incumbent  |   1.302575   .0473396     7.27   0.000     1.213018    1.398743
      share_2018 |   2.874358    .336751     9.01   0.000     2.284634    3.616305
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control US.doc", replace se or  starlev
> els (10 5 1)

                                     -----------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice 
                                     -----------------------------------
                                      1.gender_candidate      1.072    
                                                            (0.034)**  
                                      2.party_candidate       0.976    
                                                             (0.028)   
                                      1.incumbent             1.303    
                                                           (0.047)***  
                                      share_2018              2.874    
                                                           (0.337)***  
                                      N                      30,822    
                                     -----------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate i.incumbent c.share_2018 if ful
> lsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -8531.8813  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -8205.2499  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -8190.892  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -8190.8688  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -8190.8688  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(5)      =     759.27
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -8190.8688               Pseudo R2         =     0.1091

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |    2.25515   .0991286    18.50   0.000     2.068995    2.458053
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .3784487   .0171728   -21.41   0.000      .346244    .4136489
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   1.027517   .0349868     0.80   0.425      .961182    1.098429
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.281672   .0480298     6.62   0.000     1.190909    1.379352
                         share_2018 |   2.936819   .3706283     8.54   0.000      2.29327    3.760966
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.    outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control US.doc", merge se or ctitle(
> "", " c.gender*sexism") starlevels (10 5 1)

                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           vote_choice   c.gender*sexism 
                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   1.gender_candidate                         1.072          2.255       
                                                            (0.034)**      (0.099)***    
                   2.party_candidate                          0.976          1.028       
                                                             (0.028)        (0.035)      
                   1.incumbent                                1.303          1.282       
                                                           (0.047)***      (0.048)***    
                   share_2018                                 2.874          2.937       
                                                           (0.337)***      (0.371)***    
                   1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                     0.378       
                                                                           (0.017)***    
                   N                                         30,822          30,822      
                  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. clogit vote_choice i.gender_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.party_candidate##c.hostile_rescale2 i.incumbent
>  c.share_2018 ///
>         if fullsample==1&sample_races==1 [pw=commonpostweight], group(id)  or 
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of collinearity
note: hostile_rescale2 omitted because of no within-group variance.

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -7414.438  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -6911.5156  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood =  -6861.424  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -6861.3339  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -6861.3339  

Conditional (fixed-effects) logistic regression

                                                Number of obs     =     30,822
                                                Wald chi2(6)      =    1292.83
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -6861.3339               Pseudo R2         =     0.2537

                                                            (Std. Err. adjusted for clustering on id)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |               Robust
                        vote_choice | Odds Ratio   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                   gender_candidate |
                             women  |   1.160284   .0710636     2.43   0.015     1.029037    1.308271
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                             women  |   .9423741   .0681867    -0.82   0.412     .8177744    1.085958
                                    |
                    party_candidate |
                          Democrat  |   4.966382   .2853736    27.89   0.000     4.437406    5.558417
                   hostile_rescale2 |          1  (omitted)
                                    |
 party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                          Democrat  |   .1304601   .0095859   -27.72   0.000     .1129622    .1506684
                                    |
                          incumbent |
                         Incumbent  |   1.289886   .0566783     5.79   0.000     1.183447    1.405897
                         share_2018 |   3.242993   .4952211     7.70   0.000      2.40416    4.374503
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.  outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control US.doc", merge se or ctitle(""
> , " c.gender*sexism") starlevels (10 5 1)

         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  vote_choice   c.gender*sexism   c.gender*sexism 
         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          1.gender_candidate                         1.072          2.255             1.160       
                                                   (0.034)**      (0.099)***        (0.071)**     
          2.party_candidate                          0.976          1.028             4.966       
                                                    (0.028)        (0.035)          (0.285)***    
          1.incumbent                                1.303          1.282             1.290       
                                                  (0.047)***      (0.048)***        (0.057)***    
          share_2018                                 2.874          2.937             3.243       
                                                  (0.337)***      (0.371)***        (0.495)***    
          1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                     0.378             0.942       
                                                                  (0.017)***         (0.068)      
          2.party_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2                                        0.130       
                                                                                    (0.010)***    
          N                                         30,822          30,822            30,822      
         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


.   
.  ** Table 3 for analytical samople only
. collapse hostile2 nothostile [iw=commonpostweight], by(id)

. 
. tab nothostile

     (mean) |
 nothostile |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |      6,381       41.42       41.42
          1 |      9,026       58.58      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     15,407      100.00

. tab hostile2

     (mean) |
   hostile2 |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
------------+-----------------------------------
          0 |     11,282       73.23       73.23
          1 |      4,125       26.77      100.00
------------+-----------------------------------
      Total |     15,407      100.00

. 
.   
. ************
. * Turnout 
. ************
. 
. use "Data\US_data_recoded.dta", clear

. 
. gen abstain = .
(93,197 missing values generated)

. replace abstain = 1 if CL_2020gvm == . 
(32,952 real changes made)

. replace abstain = 0 if CL_2020gvm >=1 & CL_2020gvm != . 
(60,245 real changes made)

. 
. 
. gen age = 2020 - birthyr

. 
. gen work_stat = . 
(93,197 missing values generated)

. replace work_stat = 1 if employ == 1 
(36,007 real changes made)

. replace work_stat = 2 if employ == 2
(9,859 real changes made)

. replace work_stat = 3 if employ == 3 | employ == 4
(10,601 real changes made)

. replace work_stat = 4 if employ == 5
(18,592 real changes made)

. replace work_stat = 5 if employ == 8
(4,352 real changes made)

. replace work_stat = 6 if employ == 6 | employ == 7 | employ == 9 
(13,729 real changes made)

. 
. label define work_label 1 "Employed fulltime" 2 "Employed parttime" 3 "Unemployed" 4 "Retired" 5 "Student" 
> 6 "Other out of work (incl. homemaker)"

. label values work_stat work_label 

. 
. gen income = faminc_new
(31 missing values generated)

. recode income 97=. 
(income: 8363 changes made)

. label values income faminc_new

. 
. gen union_new = union
(123 missing values generated)

. recode union_new 2=0 3=0 
(union_new: 86930 changes made)

. rename union union_old

. rename union_new union

. 
. gen copartisan = 1 if party_candidate == 1 & pid3 == 2 | party_candidate == 2 & pid3 == 1
(63,748 missing values generated)

. replace copartisan = 0 if copartisan == .
(63,748 real changes made)

. 
. drop if copartisan==0
(63,748 observations deleted)

. 
. encode state, gen(state_factor)

. rename state state_old

. rename state_factor state 

. 
. * Abstention Regression Models 
. set more off

. 
. cd "C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\"
C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates

. 
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.gender i.educ c.age i.work_stat i.income  c.distance
> _2018 i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.state [pw=commonpostweight] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -6266.0063  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -5401.8966  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -5379.5091  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -5379.4445  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -5379.4445  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =     10,595
                                                Wald chi2(74)     =     662.54
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -5379.4445               Pseudo R2         =     0.1415

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     |               Robust
                             abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    hostile_rescale2 |   .1590554    .087383     1.82   0.069    -.0122121    .3303229
                                     |
                    gender_candidate |
                              women  |  -.3283835   .1253299    -2.62   0.009    -.5740257   -.0827414
                                     |
 gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                              women  |   .4671699   .1249219     3.74   0.000     .2223275    .7120123
                                     |
                              gender |
                              Women  |   .1218982   .0737271     1.65   0.098    -.0226042    .2664006
                                     |
                                educ |
               High school graduate  |  -.2404353   .2106251    -1.14   0.254     -.653253    .1723824
                       Some college  |  -.7502444   .2139969    -3.51   0.000    -1.169671   -.3308181
                             2-year  |  -.7459748   .2246364    -3.32   0.001    -1.186254   -.3056956
                             4-year  |  -.9472373   .2147622    -4.41   0.000    -1.368164   -.5263111
                          Post-grad  |  -.8555623   .2295815    -3.73   0.000    -1.305534   -.4055908
                                     |
                                 age |  -.0450591   .0034114   -13.21   0.000    -.0517454   -.0383728
                                     |
                           work_stat |
                  Employed parttime  |   .1348474   .1211765     1.11   0.266    -.1026542     .372349
                         Unemployed  |    .179129   .1343485     1.33   0.182    -.0841893    .4424473
                            Retired  |    .149646   .1407131     1.06   0.288    -.1261465    .4254385
                            Student  |  -.4990848    .210943    -2.37   0.018    -.9125256   -.0856441
Other out of work (incl. homemaker)  |  -.1904622   .1217452    -1.56   0.118    -.4290784    .0481541
                                     |
                              income |
                  $10,000 - $19,999  |  -.1856238   .2295338    -0.81   0.419    -.6355018    .2642542
                  $20,000 - $29,999  |  -.2378978   .2257675    -1.05   0.292     -.680394    .2045984
                  $30,000 - $39,999  |  -.4496749   .2221886    -2.02   0.043    -.8851566   -.0141931
                  $40,000 - $49,999  |  -.2749421   .2261267    -1.22   0.224    -.7181423     .168258
                  $50,000 - $59,999  |  -.3356359   .2253597    -1.49   0.136    -.7773329    .1060611
                  $60,000 - $69,999  |    -.50786   .2291905    -2.22   0.027     -.957065   -.0586549
                  $70,000 - $79,999  |  -.4972093   .2205978    -2.25   0.024     -.929573   -.0648456
                  $80,000 - $99,999  |   -.784915   .2308809    -3.40   0.001    -1.237433   -.3323967
                $100,000 - $119,999  |  -.5120003   .2536168    -2.02   0.044     -1.00908   -.0149205
                $120,000 - $149,999  |   -.981746   .2444938    -4.02   0.000    -1.460945    -.502547
                $150,000 - $199,999  |  -.7744424   .2487076    -3.11   0.002      -1.2619   -.2869844
                $200,000 - $249,999  |  -.8732794   .2834096    -3.08   0.002    -1.428752   -.3178068
                $250,000 - $349,999  |  -.8235705   .4074133    -2.02   0.043    -1.622086   -.0250552
                $350,000 - $499,999  |  -.5223407   .4577259    -1.14   0.254    -1.419467    .3747856
                   $500,000 or more  |   -.734323    .415705    -1.77   0.077     -1.54909    .0804438
                                     |
                       distance_2018 |   1.207589   .3903096     3.09   0.002     .4425961    1.972582
                                     |
                           incumbent |
                          Incumbent  |   .1881417   .1132545     1.66   0.097     -.033833    .4101163
                             1.union |  -.2522281   .1570266    -1.61   0.108    -.5599946    .0555383
                                     |
                               state |
                                 AL  |   1.459974   .6546733     2.23   0.026     .1768377     2.74311
                                 AR  |    .423796   .6264698     0.68   0.499    -.8040622    1.651654
                                 AZ  |   .9968046   .5490622     1.82   0.069    -.0793376    2.072947
                                 CA  |   .9582151   .5380732     1.78   0.075     -.096389    2.012819
                                 CO  |   .8754116   .5855451     1.50   0.135    -.2722358    2.023059
                                 CT  |   .8456186   .6365562     1.33   0.184    -.4020087    2.093246
                                 DE  |    .894566   .6141064     1.46   0.145    -.3090604    2.098193
                                 FL  |   .7711585    .550051     1.40   0.161    -.3069216    1.849239
                                 GA  |    .690627    .550302     1.25   0.209     -.387945    1.769199
                                 IA  |  -.5108434     .69208    -0.74   0.460    -1.867295    .8456086
                                 IL  |   .3332129   .5608505     0.59   0.552     -.766034     1.43246
                                 IN  |    .589955    .616641     0.96   0.339    -.6186392    1.798549
                                 KS  |   .1504479   .6325234     0.24   0.812    -1.089275    1.390171
                                 KY  |   .2767423   .6133528     0.45   0.652    -.9254071    1.478892
                                 LA  |   1.518263   .6233678     2.44   0.015      .296485    2.740042
                                 MA  |   .6362267   .6485549     0.98   0.327    -.6349177    1.907371
                                 MD  |   1.018973   .6485844     1.57   0.116    -.2522293    2.290175
                                 ME  |   1.029936   .6639911     1.55   0.121    -.2714626    2.331335
                                 MI  |   .7788406    .547866     1.42   0.155    -.2949569    1.852638
                                 MN  |   .7605151   .5957028     1.28   0.202    -.4070409    1.928071
                                 MO  |   .3260328   .5495248     0.59   0.553    -.7510159    1.403082
                                 MS  |    .639506   .6483528     0.99   0.324    -.6312421    1.910254
                                 MT  |  -.3168768   .8086761    -0.39   0.695    -1.901853    1.268099
                                 NC  |   .8590259   .5499912     1.56   0.118     -.218937    1.936989
                                 NE  |   .9364215   .6498098     1.44   0.150    -.3371822    2.210025
                                 NH  |   1.013133   .7997681     1.27   0.205    -.5543838     2.58065
                                 NJ  |   .5304798   .5548133     0.96   0.339    -.5569343    1.617894
                                 NV  |  -.0266139   .6811121    -0.04   0.969    -1.361569    1.308341
                                 NY  |   1.162746   .5375238     2.16   0.031     .1092189    2.216274
                                 OH  |   .4292555   .5475249     0.78   0.433    -.6438737    1.502385
                                 OK  |   .3643507   .5915351     0.62   0.538    -.7950368    1.523738
                                 OR  |  -.1373344   .5929498    -0.23   0.817    -1.299495    1.024826
                                 PA  |   .1833079   .5788414     0.32   0.751    -.9512004    1.317816
                                 SC  |   .6368157   .6089742     1.05   0.296    -.5567519    1.830383
                                 TN  |   .2518125   .5670624     0.44   0.657    -.8596094    1.363234
                                 TX  |   1.178717   .5410055     2.18   0.029     .1183654    2.239068
                                 VA  |   .4987941   .5965125     0.84   0.403     -.670349    1.667937
                                 VT  |   .6205947   .8858995     0.70   0.484    -1.115736    2.356926
                                 WA  |   .5213955   .5892554     0.88   0.376    -.6335238    1.676315
                                 WI  |   .6295654   .5754757     1.09   0.274    -.4983462    1.757477
                                 WV  |   1.139843   .6285521     1.81   0.070    -.0920968    2.371782
                                     |
                               _cons |   1.342426   .6084274     2.21   0.027       .14993    2.534922
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Table 8 US.doc", replace se or ctitles("", "Abstention") starlevels 
> (10 5 1)

                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Abstention 
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                             hostile_rescale2                          1.172    
                                                                      (0.102)*  
                             1.gender_candidate                        0.720    
                                                                     (0.090)*** 
                             1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     1.595    
                                                                     (0.199)*** 
                             1.gender                                  1.130    
                                                                      (0.083)*  
                             2bn.educ                                  0.786    
                                                                      (0.166)   
                             3.educ                                    0.472    
                                                                     (0.101)*** 
                             4.educ                                    0.474    
                                                                     (0.107)*** 
                             5.educ                                    0.388    
                                                                     (0.083)*** 
                             6.educ                                    0.425    
                                                                     (0.098)*** 
                             age                                       0.956    
                                                                     (0.003)*** 
                             2bn.work_stat                             1.144    
                                                                      (0.139)   
                             3.work_stat                               1.196    
                                                                      (0.161)   
                             4.work_stat                               1.161    
                                                                      (0.163)   
                             5.work_stat                               0.607    
                                                                     (0.128)**  
                             6.work_stat                               0.827    
                                                                      (0.101)   
                             2bn.income                                0.831    
                                                                      (0.191)   
                             3.income                                  0.788    
                                                                      (0.178)   
                             4.income                                  0.638    
                                                                     (0.142)**  
                             5.income                                  0.760    
                                                                      (0.172)   
                             6.income                                  0.715    
                                                                      (0.161)   
                             7.income                                  0.602    
                                                                     (0.138)**  
                             8.income                                  0.608    
                                                                     (0.134)**  
                             9.income                                  0.456    
                                                                     (0.105)*** 
                             10.income                                 0.599    
                                                                     (0.152)**  
                             11.income                                 0.375    
                                                                     (0.092)*** 
                             12.income                                 0.461    
                                                                     (0.115)*** 
                             13.income                                 0.418    
                                                                     (0.118)*** 
                             14.income                                 0.439    
                                                                     (0.179)**  
                             15.income                                 0.593    
                                                                      (0.271)   
                             16.income                                 0.480    
                                                                      (0.199)*  
                             distance_2018                             3.345    
                                                                     (1.306)*** 
                             1.incumbent                               1.207    
                                                                      (0.137)*  
                             1.union                                   0.777    
                                                                      (0.122)   
                             2bn.state                                 4.306    
                                                                     (2.819)**  
                             3.state                                   1.528    
                                                                      (0.957)   
                             4.state                                   2.710    
                                                                      (1.488)*  
                             5.state                                   2.607    
                                                                      (1.403)*  
                             6.state                                   2.400    
                                                                      (1.405)   
                             7.state                                   2.329    
                                                                      (1.483)   
                             8.state                                   2.446    
                                                                      (1.502)   
                             9.state                                   2.162    
                                                                      (1.189)   
                             10.state                                  1.995    
                                                                      (1.098)   
                             12.state                                  0.600    
                                                                      (0.415)   
                             14.state                                  1.395    
                                                                      (0.783)   
                             15.state                                  1.804    
                                                                      (1.112)   
                             16.state                                  1.162    
                                                                      (0.735)   
                             17.state                                  1.319    
                                                                      (0.809)   
                             18.state                                  4.564    
                                                                     (2.845)**  
                             19.state                                  1.889    
                                                                      (1.225)   
                             20.state                                  2.770    
                                                                      (1.797)   
                             21.state                                  2.801    
                                                                      (1.860)   
                             22.state                                  2.179    
                                                                      (1.194)   
                             23.state                                  2.139    
                                                                      (1.274)   
                             24.state                                  1.385    
                                                                      (0.761)   
                             25.state                                  1.896    
                                                                      (1.229)   
                             26.state                                  0.728    
                                                                      (0.589)   
                             27.state                                  2.361    
                                                                      (1.298)   
                             29.state                                  2.551    
                                                                      (1.658)   
                             30.state                                  2.754    
                                                                      (2.203)   
                             31.state                                  1.700    
                                                                      (0.943)   
                             33.state                                  0.974    
                                                                      (0.663)   
                             34.state                                  3.199    
                                                                     (1.719)**  
                             35.state                                  1.536    
                                                                      (0.841)   
                             36.state                                  1.440    
                                                                      (0.852)   
                             37.state                                  0.872    
                                                                      (0.517)   
                             38.state                                  1.201    
                                                                      (0.695)   
                             40.state                                  1.890    
                                                                      (1.151)   
                             42.state                                  1.286    
                                                                      (0.729)   
                             43.state                                  3.250    
                                                                     (1.758)**  
                             45.state                                  1.647    
                                                                      (0.982)   
                             46.state                                  1.860    
                                                                      (1.648)   
                             47.state                                  1.684    
                                                                      (0.993)   
                             48.state                                  1.877    
                                                                      (1.080)   
                             49.state                                  3.126    
                                                                      (1.965)*  
                             N                                         10,595   
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. margins gender_candidate, at(hostile_rescale2=(0(1)2))

Predictive margins                              Number of obs     =     10,595
Model VCE    : Robust

Expression   : Pr(abstain), predict()

1._at        : hostile_re~2    =           0

2._at        : hostile_re~2    =           1

3._at        : hostile_re~2    =           2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |            Delta-method
                     |     Margin   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
_at#gender_candidate |
              1#men  |   .2939157   .0166202    17.68   0.000     .2613407    .3264907
            1#women  |   .2394447   .0130574    18.34   0.000     .2138527    .2650367
              2#men  |   .3225094   .0099938    32.27   0.000      .302922    .3420968
            2#women  |   .3485002   .0122463    28.46   0.000     .3244978    .3725026
              3#men  |   .3523704   .0211143    16.69   0.000     .3109872    .3937537
            3#women  |   .4744678   .0275833    17.20   0.000     .4204056      .52853
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. marginsplot, ytitle("Probability of abstaining") xtitle("") xlabel(0 "Not sexist (<1)" 1 "Neutral (1)" 2 "S
> exist (>1)") ///
>         title("US") saving("Output\BJPS resubmission\US_table8", replace)

  Variables that uniquely identify margins: hostile_rescale2 gender_candidate
(file Output\BJPS resubmission\US_table8.gph saved)

. 
. ** Robustness - by party
. gen democrat=1 if pid7>=1&pid7<=3
(11,576 missing values generated)

. replace democrat=0 if pid7>=4&pid7<=8
(11,576 real changes made)

. gen republican=1 if pid7>=5&pid7<=7
(17,874 missing values generated)

. replace republican=0 if pid7>=1&pid7<=4|pid7==8
(17,874 real changes made)

. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.gender i.educ c.age i.work_stat i.income  c.distance
> _2018 i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.state [pw=commonpostweight] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1&democrat==1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =   -3330.91  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -2776.1566  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -2757.8314  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -2757.7049  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -2757.7049  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      6,357
                                                Wald chi2(74)     =     457.84
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -2757.7049               Pseudo R2         =     0.1721

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     |               Robust
                             abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    hostile_rescale2 |   1.027486   .1896818     5.42   0.000      .655716    1.399255
                                     |
                    gender_candidate |
                              women  |   .0967443   .1669565     0.58   0.562    -.2304844     .423973
                                     |
 gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                              women  |   -.286345   .2168399    -1.32   0.187    -.7113434    .1386535
                                     |
                              gender |
                              Women  |   .1501495   .1014519     1.48   0.139    -.0486927    .3489916
                                     |
                                educ |
               High school graduate  |  -.4219022   .3353851    -1.26   0.208    -1.079245    .2354406
                       Some college  |  -.7804335   .3334808    -2.34   0.019    -1.434044   -.1268232
                             2-year  |  -.8684487   .3484744    -2.49   0.013    -1.551446   -.1854514
                             4-year  |  -1.282234   .3367575    -3.81   0.000    -1.942266   -.6222012
                          Post-grad  |  -1.130327   .3561112    -3.17   0.002    -1.828292   -.4323621
                                     |
                                 age |  -.0459383   .0048458    -9.48   0.000    -.0554359   -.0364407
                                     |
                           work_stat |
                  Employed parttime  |   .0113542   .1527229     0.07   0.941    -.2879772    .3106857
                         Unemployed  |  -.1853012   .1732885    -1.07   0.285    -.5249405    .1543381
                            Retired  |   .0531047   .2134984     0.25   0.804    -.3653444    .4715538
                            Student  |  -.8554598   .2590648    -3.30   0.001    -1.363218    -.347702
Other out of work (incl. homemaker)  |  -.1790397   .1662243    -1.08   0.281    -.5048333    .1467538
                                     |
                              income |
                  $10,000 - $19,999  |  -.1329619   .2900491    -0.46   0.647    -.7014476    .4355238
                  $20,000 - $29,999  |    .186147   .2943079     0.63   0.527    -.3906859    .7629799
                  $30,000 - $39,999  |  -.1205233    .286098    -0.42   0.674     -.681265    .4402185
                  $40,000 - $49,999  |  -.2159572   .3078365    -0.70   0.483    -.8193057    .3873913
                  $50,000 - $59,999  |   .0019732   .2815363     0.01   0.994    -.5498278    .5537741
                  $60,000 - $69,999  |   .1412648   .2926698     0.48   0.629    -.4323575    .7148871
                  $70,000 - $79,999  |   .0530525    .288187     0.18   0.854    -.5117836    .6178886
                  $80,000 - $99,999  |  -.1646873    .304513    -0.54   0.589    -.7615218    .4321472
                $100,000 - $119,999  |   -.266804   .3441244    -0.78   0.438    -.9412754    .4076674
                $120,000 - $149,999  |  -.5599658   .3003948    -1.86   0.062    -1.148729    .0287972
                $150,000 - $199,999  |  -.3513755   .3234917    -1.09   0.277    -.9854076    .2826565
                $200,000 - $249,999  |  -.8358722   .3796403    -2.20   0.028    -1.579953   -.0917909
                $250,000 - $349,999  |  -.3960854   .4393701    -0.90   0.367    -1.257235    .4650642
                $350,000 - $499,999  |  -.0164885   .5890669    -0.03   0.978    -1.171038    1.138061
                   $500,000 or more  |  -.0552183   .5059267    -0.11   0.913    -1.046816    .9363798
                                     |
                       distance_2018 |   .5879636    .648465     0.91   0.365    -.6830044    1.858932
                                     |
                           incumbent |
                          Incumbent  |   .1886415    .156924     1.20   0.229    -.1189239    .4962068
                             1.union |  -.2233714   .2043097    -1.09   0.274    -.6238112    .1770683
                                     |
                               state |
                                 AL  |  -.5353941   .8790427    -0.61   0.542    -2.258286    1.187498
                                 AR  |   .2445173   .7710559     0.32   0.751    -1.266724    1.755759
                                 AZ  |   .2320187   .6942768     0.33   0.738    -1.128739    1.592776
                                 CA  |   .2956418   .6704766     0.44   0.659    -1.018468    1.609752
                                 CO  |   -.053613   .7333743    -0.07   0.942       -1.491    1.383774
                                 CT  |   .1328652   .7795687     0.17   0.865    -1.395061    1.660792
                                 DE  |  -.1718992   .7855741    -0.22   0.827    -1.711596    1.367798
                                 FL  |  -.0182524   .7039662    -0.03   0.979    -1.398001    1.361496
                                 GA  |  -.0696416   .6987819    -0.10   0.921    -1.439229    1.299946
                                 IA  |  -1.792388   .8931856    -2.01   0.045       -3.543   -.0417766
                                 IL  |  -.6332445   .7051053    -0.90   0.369    -2.015226    .7487366
                                 IN  |  -.6681471    .791553    -0.84   0.399    -2.219563    .8832682
                                 KS  |  -.0047373   .7786617    -0.01   0.995    -1.530886    1.521411
                                 KY  |  -.2642058   .7379619    -0.36   0.720    -1.710585    1.182173
                                 LA  |  -.4628404   .9051534    -0.51   0.609    -2.236908    1.311228
                                 MA  |  -.1439124   .7542803    -0.19   0.849    -1.622275     1.33445
                                 MD  |   .1459546    .797267     0.18   0.855     -1.41666    1.708569
                                 ME  |  -.0136935   .8988939    -0.02   0.988    -1.775493    1.748106
                                 MI  |   .1556534   .6809204     0.23   0.819    -1.178926    1.490233
                                 MN  |   .1844418   .8048466     0.23   0.819    -1.393029    1.761912
                                 MO  |  -.1145145   .7035803    -0.16   0.871    -1.493507    1.264478
                                 MS  |   .3501263   .9663605     0.36   0.717    -1.543905    2.244158
                                 MT  |  -.4098696   .9388066    -0.44   0.662    -2.249897    1.430158
                                 NC  |  -.0989788   .6927028    -0.14   0.886    -1.456651    1.258694
                                 NE  |  -1.000863   .7970857    -1.26   0.209    -2.563122    .5613963
                                 NH  |   .4628695   .9748126     0.47   0.635    -1.447728    2.373467
                                 NJ  |  -.1016894   .6885711    -0.15   0.883    -1.451264    1.247885
                                 NV  |  -.5728281   .8835677    -0.65   0.517    -2.304589    1.158933
                                 NY  |   .3811031   .6661642     0.57   0.567    -.9245548    1.686761
                                 OH  |  -.3252089   .6879958    -0.47   0.636    -1.673656    1.023238
                                 OK  |  -.1797774   .7827602    -0.23   0.818    -1.713959    1.354404
                                 OR  |  -1.256534   .7125905    -1.76   0.078    -2.653185    .1401182
                                 PA  |   -.818688   .7342815    -1.11   0.265    -2.257853    .6204774
                                 SC  |  -.4729325   .7433822    -0.64   0.525    -1.929935    .9840699
                                 TN  |  -.2468343   .7447062    -0.33   0.740    -1.706432    1.212763
                                 TX  |    .593023   .6751579     0.88   0.380    -.7302622    1.916308
                                 VA  |  -.2851739   .7484707    -0.38   0.703    -1.752149    1.181802
                                 VT  |  -.6798423   .9908323    -0.69   0.493    -2.621838    1.262153
                                 WA  |   -.140945   .7099052    -0.20   0.843    -1.532334    1.250444
                                 WI  |  -.2829383   .7067543    -0.40   0.689    -1.668151    1.102275
                                 WV  |   .8304319   .8580482     0.97   0.333    -.8513117    2.512175
                                     |
                               _cons |   1.607468   .7703733     2.09   0.037     .0975637    3.117372
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party turnout US.doc", replace se or ctitles("", "
> Democrats") starlevels (10 5 1)

                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Democrats  
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                             hostile_rescale2                          2.794    
                                                                     (0.530)*** 
                             1.gender_candidate                        1.102    
                                                                      (0.184)   
                             1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.751    
                                                                      (0.163)   
                             1.gender                                  1.162    
                                                                      (0.118)   
                             2bn.educ                                  0.656    
                                                                      (0.220)   
                             3.educ                                    0.458    
                                                                     (0.153)**  
                             4.educ                                    0.420    
                                                                     (0.146)**  
                             5.educ                                    0.277    
                                                                     (0.093)*** 
                             6.educ                                    0.323    
                                                                     (0.115)*** 
                             age                                       0.955    
                                                                     (0.005)*** 
                             2bn.work_stat                             1.011    
                                                                      (0.154)   
                             3.work_stat                               0.831    
                                                                      (0.144)   
                             4.work_stat                               1.055    
                                                                      (0.225)   
                             5.work_stat                               0.425    
                                                                     (0.110)*** 
                             6.work_stat                               0.836    
                                                                      (0.139)   
                             2bn.income                                0.875    
                                                                      (0.254)   
                             3.income                                  1.205    
                                                                      (0.355)   
                             4.income                                  0.886    
                                                                      (0.254)   
                             5.income                                  0.806    
                                                                      (0.248)   
                             6.income                                  1.002    
                                                                      (0.282)   
                             7.income                                  1.152    
                                                                      (0.337)   
                             8.income                                  1.054    
                                                                      (0.304)   
                             9.income                                  0.848    
                                                                      (0.258)   
                             10.income                                 0.766    
                                                                      (0.264)   
                             11.income                                 0.571    
                                                                      (0.172)*  
                             12.income                                 0.704    
                                                                      (0.228)   
                             13.income                                 0.433    
                                                                     (0.165)**  
                             14.income                                 0.673    
                                                                      (0.296)   
                             15.income                                 0.984    
                                                                      (0.579)   
                             16.income                                 0.946    
                                                                      (0.479)   
                             distance_2018                             1.800    
                                                                      (1.167)   
                             1.incumbent                               1.208    
                                                                      (0.190)   
                             1.union                                   0.800    
                                                                      (0.163)   
                             2bn.state                                 0.585    
                                                                      (0.515)   
                             3.state                                   1.277    
                                                                      (0.985)   
                             4.state                                   1.261    
                                                                      (0.876)   
                             5.state                                   1.344    
                                                                      (0.901)   
                             6.state                                   0.948    
                                                                      (0.695)   
                             7.state                                   1.142    
                                                                      (0.890)   
                             8.state                                   0.842    
                                                                      (0.662)   
                             9.state                                   0.982    
                                                                      (0.691)   
                             10.state                                  0.933    
                                                                      (0.652)   
                             12.state                                  0.167    
                                                                     (0.149)**  
                             14.state                                  0.531    
                                                                      (0.374)   
                             15.state                                  0.513    
                                                                      (0.406)   
                             16.state                                  0.995    
                                                                      (0.775)   
                             17.state                                  0.768    
                                                                      (0.567)   
                             18.state                                  0.629    
                                                                      (0.570)   
                             19.state                                  0.866    
                                                                      (0.653)   
                             20.state                                  1.157    
                                                                      (0.923)   
                             21.state                                  0.986    
                                                                      (0.887)   
                             22.state                                  1.168    
                                                                      (0.796)   
                             23.state                                  1.203    
                                                                      (0.968)   
                             24.state                                  0.892    
                                                                      (0.627)   
                             25.state                                  1.419    
                                                                      (1.372)   
                             26.state                                  0.664    
                                                                      (0.623)   
                             27.state                                  0.906    
                                                                      (0.627)   
                             29.state                                  0.368    
                                                                      (0.293)   
                             30.state                                  1.589    
                                                                      (1.549)   
                             31.state                                  0.903    
                                                                      (0.622)   
                             33.state                                  0.564    
                                                                      (0.498)   
                             34.state                                  1.464    
                                                                      (0.975)   
                             35.state                                  0.722    
                                                                      (0.497)   
                             36.state                                  0.835    
                                                                      (0.654)   
                             37.state                                  0.285    
                                                                      (0.203)*  
                             38.state                                  0.441    
                                                                      (0.324)   
                             40.state                                  0.623    
                                                                      (0.463)   
                             42.state                                  0.781    
                                                                      (0.582)   
                             43.state                                  1.809    
                                                                      (1.222)   
                             45.state                                  0.752    
                                                                      (0.563)   
                             46.state                                  0.507    
                                                                      (0.502)   
                             47.state                                  0.869    
                                                                      (0.617)   
                             48.state                                  0.754    
                                                                      (0.533)   
                             49.state                                  2.294    
                                                                      (1.969)   
                             N                                         6,357    
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.gender i.educ c.age i.work_stat i.income  c.distance
> _2018 i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.state [pw=commonpostweight] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1&republican==1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -2934.9444  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -2466.6061  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -2453.1579  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -2453.0579  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -2453.0578  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =      4,238
                                                Wald chi2(74)     =     389.30
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -2453.0578               Pseudo R2         =     0.1642

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     |               Robust
                             abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    hostile_rescale2 |  -.1887667   .1036398    -1.82   0.069    -.3918969    .0143635
                                     |
                    gender_candidate |
                              women  |   -.334458   .3009791    -1.11   0.266    -.9243661    .2554502
                                     |
 gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                              women  |   .3618185   .2388317     1.51   0.130     -.106283      .82992
                                     |
                              gender |
                              Women  |   .0942381   .1100271     0.86   0.392    -.1214111    .3098874
                                     |
                                educ |
               High school graduate  |   .0213712   .2776999     0.08   0.939    -.5229105    .5656529
                       Some college  |   -.682322   .2895276    -2.36   0.018    -1.249786   -.1148584
                             2-year  |  -.5699196   .3048683    -1.87   0.062    -1.167451    .0276113
                             4-year  |  -.5661619   .2905283    -1.95   0.051    -1.135587     .003263
                          Post-grad  |  -.5192694   .3124028    -1.66   0.096    -1.131568    .0930288
                                     |
                                 age |  -.0460308   .0047442    -9.70   0.000    -.0553293   -.0367323
                                     |
                           work_stat |
                  Employed parttime  |   .2583301   .1932192     1.34   0.181    -.1203726    .6370329
                         Unemployed  |   .7933498   .2100957     3.78   0.000     .3815698     1.20513
                            Retired  |   .2971482   .1827655     1.63   0.104    -.0610656    .6553621
                            Student  |   .3728441   .3706999     1.01   0.315    -.3537143    1.099402
Other out of work (incl. homemaker)  |   -.184392   .1787469    -1.03   0.302    -.5347295    .1659454
                                     |
                              income |
                  $10,000 - $19,999  |   .0011435   .3346789     0.00   0.997    -.6548152    .6571021
                  $20,000 - $29,999  |  -.4669419   .3238183    -1.44   0.149    -1.101614    .1677302
                  $30,000 - $39,999  |  -.5410982    .323475    -1.67   0.094    -1.175098    .0929012
                  $40,000 - $49,999  |   -.127479   .3165857    -0.40   0.687    -.7479755    .4930175
                  $50,000 - $59,999  |  -.4030879   .3282441    -1.23   0.219    -1.046434    .2402587
                  $60,000 - $69,999  |  -.9697342    .335344    -2.89   0.004    -1.626996    -.312472
                  $70,000 - $79,999  |  -.8132644   .3183175    -2.55   0.011    -1.437155   -.1893736
                  $80,000 - $99,999  |  -1.146353   .3221709    -3.56   0.000    -1.777797     -.51491
                $100,000 - $119,999  |  -.4976596   .3458204    -1.44   0.150    -1.175455    .1801359
                $120,000 - $149,999  |   -1.20224   .3669675    -3.28   0.001    -1.921483   -.4829971
                $150,000 - $199,999  |  -.9663633   .3548612    -2.72   0.006    -1.661879   -.2708481
                $200,000 - $249,999  |  -.5343637   .3904596    -1.37   0.171     -1.29965    .2309231
                $250,000 - $349,999  |   -.886589   .6907497    -1.28   0.199    -2.240433    .4672555
                $350,000 - $499,999  |  -.6647075   .7105939    -0.94   0.350    -2.057446    .7280308
                   $500,000 or more  |  -1.505261      .6526    -2.31   0.021    -2.784333   -.2261882
                                     |
                       distance_2018 |   1.747555   .4969046     3.52   0.000     .7736396     2.72147
                                     |
                           incumbent |
                          Incumbent  |   .2004389   .1850578     1.08   0.279    -.1622677    .5631455
                             1.union |  -.4795321     .24974    -1.92   0.055    -.9690134    .0099493
                                     |
                               state |
                                 AL  |     2.0575   .7819118     2.63   0.009     .5249807    3.590019
                                 AR  |   .0730779    .761233     0.10   0.924    -1.418911    1.565067
                                 AZ  |   1.253076   .6394988     1.96   0.050     -.000319     2.50647
                                 CA  |    .845231   .6434687     1.31   0.189    -.4159446    2.106407
                                 CO  |   1.287861   .7452545     1.73   0.084    -.1728107    2.748533
                                 CT  |   .5733148   .7662611     0.75   0.454    -.9285293    2.075159
                                 DE  |   1.717405   .7865426     2.18   0.029       .17581       3.259
                                 FL  |   1.041216    .623992     1.67   0.095    -.1817863    2.264217
                                 GA  |   .9119448   .6310727     1.45   0.148     -.324935    2.148825
                                 IA  |  -.1649866   .9142359    -0.18   0.857    -1.956856    1.626883
                                 IL  |   .5665745   .6563535     0.86   0.388    -.7198546    1.853004
                                 IN  |   .9911753   .7468992     1.33   0.184    -.4727202    2.455071
                                 KS  |   .0042438   .7838694     0.01   0.996    -1.532112      1.5406
                                 KY  |   .3457668   .7958706     0.43   0.664    -1.214111    1.905645
                                 LA  |   2.060852   .6794937     3.03   0.002     .7290691    3.392636
                                 MA  |   1.263997   .9189901     1.38   0.169    -.5371907    3.065184
                                 MD  |   .6439124   .7383744     0.87   0.383    -.8032749      2.0911
                                 ME  |   1.389765   .8918212     1.56   0.119    -.3581722    3.137702
                                 MI  |   .5685431   .6808607     0.84   0.404    -.7659193    1.903005
                                 MN  |   .8492429    .670415     1.27   0.205    -.4647464    2.163232
                                 MO  |   .4196678   .6379253     0.66   0.511    -.8306429    1.669979
                                 MS  |   .7061275   .7586588     0.93   0.352    -.7808165    2.193071
                                 MT  |  -1.195815   1.210802    -0.99   0.323    -3.568943    1.177313
                                 NC  |   1.270491   .6309258     2.01   0.044     .0338987    2.507082
                                 NE  |   1.610266   .7599327     2.12   0.034     .1208249    3.099707
                                 NH  |   .4881494   1.202408     0.41   0.685    -1.868528    2.844827
                                 NJ  |   .3163333   .6662928     0.47   0.635    -.9895766    1.622243
                                 NV  |   -.344767    .764083    -0.45   0.652    -1.842342    1.152808
                                 NY  |   1.342454   .6324604     2.12   0.034     .1028539    2.582053
                                 OH  |   .6209812   .6329172     0.98   0.327    -.6195137    1.861476
                                 OK  |   .5639973   .6944991     0.81   0.417    -.7971959     1.92519
                                 OR  |   .3794519   .7034208     0.54   0.590    -.9992276    1.758131
                                 PA  |   .5569562   .6785729     0.82   0.412    -.7730222    1.886935
                                 SC  |   .9656215   .7221153     1.34   0.181    -.4496986    2.380942
                                 TN  |   .2722255   .6564199     0.41   0.678    -1.014334    1.558785
                                 TX  |   1.189737   .6203685     1.92   0.055    -.0261626    2.405637
                                 VA  |   .5917918    .699466     0.85   0.398    -.7791363     1.96272
                                 VT  |   .9430402   1.231825     0.77   0.444    -1.471292    3.357372
                                 WA  |   .3137139   .7411416     0.42   0.672    -1.138897    1.766325
                                 WI  |   .9643508   .7110302     1.36   0.175    -.4292429    2.357944
                                 WV  |   1.065391   .7005465     1.52   0.128    -.3076546    2.438437
                                     |
                               _cons |   1.347527   .7499074     1.80   0.072    -.1222643    2.817319
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\party turnout US", merge se or ctitles("", "Republ
> icans") starlevels (10 5 1)

                     ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Democrats   Republicans 
                     ------------------------------------------------------------------
                      hostile_rescale2                          2.794        0.828    
                                                              (0.530)***   (0.086)*   
                      1.gender_candidate                        1.102        0.716    
                                                               (0.184)      (0.215)   
                      1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     0.751        1.436    
                                                               (0.163)      (0.343)   
                      1.gender                                  1.162        1.099    
                                                               (0.118)      (0.121)   
                      2bn.educ                                  0.656        1.022    
                                                               (0.220)      (0.284)   
                      3.educ                                    0.458        0.505    
                                                              (0.153)**    (0.146)**  
                      4.educ                                    0.420        0.566    
                                                              (0.146)**    (0.172)*   
                      5.educ                                    0.277        0.568    
                                                              (0.093)***   (0.165)*   
                      6.educ                                    0.323        0.595    
                                                              (0.115)***   (0.186)*   
                      age                                       0.955        0.955    
                                                              (0.005)***  (0.005)***  
                      2bn.work_stat                             1.011        1.295    
                                                               (0.154)      (0.250)   
                      3.work_stat                               0.831        2.211    
                                                               (0.144)    (0.464)***  
                      4.work_stat                               1.055        1.346    
                                                               (0.225)      (0.246)   
                      5.work_stat                               0.425        1.452    
                                                              (0.110)***    (0.538)   
                      6.work_stat                               0.836        0.832    
                                                               (0.139)      (0.149)   
                      2bn.income                                0.875        1.001    
                                                               (0.254)      (0.335)   
                      3.income                                  1.205        0.627    
                                                               (0.355)      (0.203)   
                      4.income                                  0.886        0.582    
                                                               (0.254)     (0.188)*   
                      5.income                                  0.806        0.880    
                                                               (0.248)      (0.279)   
                      6.income                                  1.002        0.668    
                                                               (0.282)      (0.219)   
                      7.income                                  1.152        0.379    
                                                               (0.337)    (0.127)***  
                      8.income                                  1.054        0.443    
                                                               (0.304)     (0.141)**  
                      9.income                                  0.848        0.318    
                                                               (0.258)    (0.102)***  
                      10.income                                 0.766        0.608    
                                                               (0.264)      (0.210)   
                      11.income                                 0.571        0.301    
                                                               (0.172)*   (0.110)***  
                      12.income                                 0.704        0.380    
                                                               (0.228)    (0.135)***  
                      13.income                                 0.433        0.586    
                                                              (0.165)**     (0.229)   
                      14.income                                 0.673        0.412    
                                                               (0.296)      (0.285)   
                      15.income                                 0.984        0.514    
                                                               (0.579)      (0.366)   
                      16.income                                 0.946        0.222    
                                                               (0.479)     (0.145)**  
                      distance_2018                             1.800        5.741    
                                                               (1.167)    (2.853)***  
                      1.incumbent                               1.208        1.222    
                                                               (0.190)      (0.226)   
                      1.union                                   0.800        0.619    
                                                               (0.163)     (0.155)*   
                      2bn.state                                 0.585        7.826    
                                                               (0.515)    (6.120)***  
                      3.state                                   1.277        1.076    
                                                               (0.985)      (0.819)   
                      4.state                                   1.261        3.501    
                                                               (0.876)     (2.239)*   
                      5.state                                   1.344        2.329    
                                                               (0.901)      (1.498)   
                      6.state                                   0.948        3.625    
                                                               (0.695)     (2.702)*   
                      7.state                                   1.142        1.774    
                                                               (0.890)      (1.359)   
                      8.state                                   0.842        5.570    
                                                               (0.662)     (4.381)**  
                      9.state                                   0.982        2.833    
                                                               (0.691)     (1.768)*   
                      10.state                                  0.933        2.489    
                                                               (0.652)      (1.571)   
                      12.state                                  0.167        0.848    
                                                              (0.149)**     (0.775)   
                      14.state                                  0.531        1.762    
                                                               (0.374)      (1.157)   
                      15.state                                  0.513        2.694    
                                                               (0.406)      (2.012)   
                      16.state                                  0.995        1.004    
                                                               (0.775)      (0.787)   
                      17.state                                  0.768        1.413    
                                                               (0.567)      (1.125)   
                      18.state                                  0.629        7.853    
                                                               (0.570)    (5.336)***  
                      19.state                                  0.866        3.540    
                                                               (0.653)      (3.253)   
                      20.state                                  1.157        1.904    
                                                               (0.923)      (1.406)   
                      21.state                                  0.986        4.014    
                                                               (0.887)      (3.580)   
                      22.state                                  1.168        1.766    
                                                               (0.796)      (1.202)   
                      23.state                                  1.203        2.338    
                                                               (0.968)      (1.567)   
                      24.state                                  0.892        1.521    
                                                               (0.627)      (0.971)   
                      25.state                                  1.419        2.026    
                                                               (1.372)      (1.537)   
                      26.state                                  0.664        0.302    
                                                               (0.623)      (0.366)   
                      27.state                                  0.906        3.563    
                                                               (0.627)     (2.248)**  
                      29.state                                  0.368        5.004    
                                                               (0.293)     (3.803)**  
                      30.state                                  1.589        1.629    
                                                               (1.549)      (1.959)   
                      31.state                                  0.903        1.372    
                                                               (0.622)      (0.914)   
                      33.state                                  0.564        0.708    
                                                               (0.498)      (0.541)   
                      34.state                                  1.464        3.828    
                                                               (0.975)     (2.421)**  
                      35.state                                  0.722        1.861    
                                                               (0.497)      (1.178)   
                      36.state                                  0.835        1.758    
                                                               (0.654)      (1.221)   
                      37.state                                  0.285        1.461    
                                                               (0.203)*     (1.028)   
                      38.state                                  0.441        1.745    
                                                               (0.324)      (1.184)   
                      40.state                                  0.623        2.626    
                                                               (0.463)      (1.897)   
                      42.state                                  0.781        1.313    
                                                               (0.582)      (0.862)   
                      43.state                                  1.809        3.286    
                                                               (1.222)     (2.039)*   
                      45.state                                  0.752        1.807    
                                                               (0.563)      (1.264)   
                      46.state                                  0.507        2.568    
                                                               (0.502)      (3.163)   
                      47.state                                  0.869        1.368    
                                                               (0.617)      (1.014)   
                      48.state                                  0.754        2.623    
                                                               (0.533)      (1.865)   
                      49.state                                  2.294        2.902    
                                                               (1.969)      (2.033)   
                      N                                         6,357        4,238    
                     ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Robustness - using "women seek to gain power by getting control over men" 
.   logit abstain c.control##i.gender_candidate i.gender i.educ c.age i.work_stat i.income  c.distance_2018 i
> .incumbent ///
>         i.union i.state [pw=commonpostweight] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood =  -6237.912  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -5389.5475  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -5367.5382  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -5367.4773  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -5367.4773  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =     10,548
                                                Wald chi2(74)     =     649.69
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -5367.4773               Pseudo R2         =     0.1395

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     |               Robust
                             abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                             control |   .0872097   .0403666     2.16   0.031     .0080927    .1663268
                                     |
                    gender_candidate |
                              women  |   .1039858    .092048     1.13   0.259    -.0764249    .2843964
                                     |
          gender_candidate#c.control |
                              women  |   .1709562   .0582683     2.93   0.003     .0567525      .28516
                                     |
                              gender |
                              Women  |    .116366    .073473     1.58   0.113    -.0276384    .2603703
                                     |
                                educ |
               High school graduate  |  -.1920903   .2100232    -0.91   0.360    -.6037281    .2195476
                       Some college  |  -.7053264    .213364    -3.31   0.001    -1.123512   -.2871407
                             2-year  |  -.6992295   .2241274    -3.12   0.002    -1.138511   -.2599478
                             4-year  |    -.91536   .2139377    -4.28   0.000     -1.33467   -.4960498
                          Post-grad  |  -.8315712   .2283228    -3.64   0.000    -1.279076   -.3840668
                                     |
                                 age |  -.0448801   .0033988   -13.20   0.000    -.0515416   -.0382185
                                     |
                           work_stat |
                  Employed parttime  |   .1156329    .120714     0.96   0.338    -.1209622     .352228
                         Unemployed  |   .1813181    .134483     1.35   0.178    -.0822638       .4449
                            Retired  |   .1696139   .1410041     1.20   0.229     -.106749    .4459768
                            Student  |  -.5011056   .2121728    -2.36   0.018    -.9169567   -.0852544
Other out of work (incl. homemaker)  |  -.1719268   .1218013    -1.41   0.158    -.4106529    .0667994
                                     |
                              income |
                  $10,000 - $19,999  |  -.1910447   .2291301    -0.83   0.404    -.6401314     .258042
                  $20,000 - $29,999  |  -.2380268   .2249629    -1.06   0.290     -.678946    .2028924
                  $30,000 - $39,999  |  -.4707388   .2216864    -2.12   0.034    -.9052361   -.0362415
                  $40,000 - $49,999  |  -.2676099   .2257962    -1.19   0.236    -.7101623    .1749426
                  $50,000 - $59,999  |  -.3354417    .225045    -1.49   0.136    -.7765219    .1056385
                  $60,000 - $69,999  |  -.5035003   .2292579    -2.20   0.028    -.9528375   -.0541631
                  $70,000 - $79,999  |  -.4875192   .2200764    -2.22   0.027    -.9188611   -.0561773
                  $80,000 - $99,999  |  -.7844344   .2300319    -3.41   0.001    -1.235289   -.3335802
                $100,000 - $119,999  |  -.5019594   .2526732    -1.99   0.047    -.9971899    -.006729
                $120,000 - $149,999  |  -.9761432   .2453077    -3.98   0.000    -1.456937    -.495349
                $150,000 - $199,999  |  -.7636471   .2490005    -3.07   0.002    -1.251679    -.275615
                $200,000 - $249,999  |   -.869891   .2825699    -3.08   0.002    -1.423718   -.3160642
                $250,000 - $349,999  |  -.8173724   .4056122    -2.02   0.044    -1.612358   -.0223871
                $350,000 - $499,999  |  -.5060932   .4664336    -1.09   0.278    -1.420286       .4081
                   $500,000 or more  |  -.6997545   .4244177    -1.65   0.099    -1.531598     .132089
                                     |
                       distance_2018 |   1.257343   .3889516     3.23   0.001     .4950114    2.019674
                                     |
                           incumbent |
                          Incumbent  |    .197194   .1134551     1.74   0.082    -.0251738    .4195618
                             1.union |  -.2487523   .1575254    -1.58   0.114    -.5574964    .0599919
                                     |
                               state |
                                 AL  |   1.470631   .6554609     2.24   0.025     .1859509     2.75531
                                 AR  |    .448281   .6270136     0.71   0.475    -.7806431    1.677205
                                 AZ  |   1.033978   .5461785     1.89   0.058    -.0365121    2.104468
                                 CA  |   .9965628    .535666     1.86   0.063    -.0533233    2.046449
                                 CO  |   .8769607   .5835822     1.50   0.133    -.2668394    2.020761
                                 CT  |   .8723772   .6326111     1.38   0.168    -.3675177    2.112272
                                 DE  |   .9230554   .6155161     1.50   0.134     -.283334    2.129445
                                 FL  |   .7940376    .548042     1.45   0.147    -.2801049     1.86818
                                 GA  |   .7507078   .5477129     1.37   0.170    -.3227899    1.824205
                                 IA  |  -.4621898   .6909097    -0.67   0.504    -1.816348    .8919684
                                 IL  |   .3329084   .5600034     0.59   0.552    -.7646781    1.430495
                                 IN  |   .4594196   .6071351     0.76   0.449    -.7305434    1.649383
                                 KS  |    .153771   .6301481     0.24   0.807    -1.081297    1.388839
                                 KY  |   .2791941    .613242     0.46   0.649    -.9227381    1.481126
                                 LA  |   1.551825   .6219864     2.49   0.013     .3327538    2.770896
                                 MA  |   .6881899    .644711     1.07   0.286    -.5754204      1.9518
                                 MD  |   1.065777    .643537     1.66   0.098    -.1955327    2.327086
                                 ME  |   1.040185    .658888     1.58   0.114    -.2512116    2.331582
                                 MI  |   .8079914   .5458354     1.48   0.139    -.2618263    1.877809
                                 MN  |   .7881289   .5940344     1.33   0.185    -.3761571    1.952415
                                 MO  |   .3579359   .5474306     0.65   0.513    -.7150084     1.43088
                                 MS  |   .6514178   .6438142     1.01   0.312    -.6104347     1.91327
                                 MT  |  -.2790958   .7924535    -0.35   0.725    -1.832276    1.274085
                                 NC  |   .8828626   .5485899     1.61   0.108    -.1923539    1.958079
                                 NE  |   .9465464   .6490254     1.46   0.145    -.3255199    2.218613
                                 NH  |   1.022661   .7869897     1.30   0.194    -.5198108    2.565132
                                 NJ  |   .5632523   .5526093     1.02   0.308    -.5198421    1.646347
                                 NV  |   .0189945   .6761328     0.03   0.978    -1.306202    1.344191
                                 NY  |   1.185843   .5355101     2.21   0.027     .1362628    2.235424
                                 OH  |   .4711556   .5455185     0.86   0.388     -.598041    1.540352
                                 OK  |   .3508872   .5890468     0.60   0.551    -.8036233    1.505398
                                 OR  |  -.1157797   .5901741    -0.20   0.844      -1.2725     1.04094
                                 PA  |   .2125925   .5772234     0.37   0.713    -.9187447     1.34393
                                 SC  |    .684347   .6046412     1.13   0.258     -.500728    1.869422
                                 TN  |   .2915775   .5653224     0.52   0.606    -.8164341    1.399589
                                 TX  |   1.217253   .5389072     2.26   0.024     .1610146    2.273492
                                 VA  |   .5312882   .5936989     0.89   0.371    -.6323403    1.694917
                                 VT  |   .7047074   .8691484     0.81   0.417    -.9987923    2.408207
                                 WA  |   .5543182   .5858076     0.95   0.344    -.5938437     1.70248
                                 WI  |   .6348197   .5737718     1.11   0.269    -.4897524    1.759392
                                 WV  |   1.172202   .6343228     1.85   0.065    -.0710481    2.415452
                                     |
                               _cons |   1.433456   .5983125     2.40   0.017     .2607845    2.606127
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\control turnout US.doc", replace se or ctitles("",
>  "Abstention") starlevels (10 5 1)

                                --------------------------------------------
                                                                Abstention 
                                --------------------------------------------
                                 control                          1.091    
                                                                (0.044)**  
                                 1.gender_candidate               1.110    
                                                                 (0.102)   
                                 1.gender_candidate#c.control     1.186    
                                                                (0.069)*** 
                                 1.gender                         1.123    
                                                                 (0.083)   
                                 2bn.educ                         0.825    
                                                                 (0.173)   
                                 3.educ                           0.494    
                                                                (0.105)*** 
                                 4.educ                           0.497    
                                                                (0.111)*** 
                                 5.educ                           0.400    
                                                                (0.086)*** 
                                 6.educ                           0.435    
                                                                (0.099)*** 
                                 age                              0.956    
                                                                (0.003)*** 
                                 2bn.work_stat                    1.123    
                                                                 (0.136)   
                                 3.work_stat                      1.199    
                                                                 (0.161)   
                                 4.work_stat                      1.185    
                                                                 (0.167)   
                                 5.work_stat                      0.606    
                                                                (0.129)**  
                                 6.work_stat                      0.842    
                                                                 (0.103)   
                                 2bn.income                       0.826    
                                                                 (0.189)   
                                 3.income                         0.788    
                                                                 (0.177)   
                                 4.income                         0.625    
                                                                (0.138)**  
                                 5.income                         0.765    
                                                                 (0.173)   
                                 6.income                         0.715    
                                                                 (0.161)   
                                 7.income                         0.604    
                                                                (0.139)**  
                                 8.income                         0.614    
                                                                (0.135)**  
                                 9.income                         0.456    
                                                                (0.105)*** 
                                 10.income                        0.605    
                                                                (0.153)**  
                                 11.income                        0.377    
                                                                (0.092)*** 
                                 12.income                        0.466    
                                                                (0.116)*** 
                                 13.income                        0.419    
                                                                (0.118)*** 
                                 14.income                        0.442    
                                                                (0.179)**  
                                 15.income                        0.603    
                                                                 (0.281)   
                                 16.income                        0.497    
                                                                 (0.211)*  
                                 distance_2018                    3.516    
                                                                (1.368)*** 
                                 1.incumbent                      1.218    
                                                                 (0.138)*  
                                 1.union                          0.780    
                                                                 (0.123)   
                                 2bn.state                        4.352    
                                                                (2.853)**  
                                 3.state                          1.566    
                                                                 (0.982)   
                                 4.state                          2.812    
                                                                 (1.536)*  
                                 5.state                          2.709    
                                                                 (1.451)*  
                                 6.state                          2.404    
                                                                 (1.403)   
                                 7.state                          2.393    
                                                                 (1.514)   
                                 8.state                          2.517    
                                                                 (1.549)   
                                 9.state                          2.212    
                                                                 (1.212)   
                                 10.state                         2.118    
                                                                 (1.160)   
                                 12.state                         0.630    
                                                                 (0.435)   
                                 14.state                         1.395    
                                                                 (0.781)   
                                 15.state                         1.583    
                                                                 (0.961)   
                                 16.state                         1.166    
                                                                 (0.735)   
                                 17.state                         1.322    
                                                                 (0.811)   
                                 18.state                         4.720    
                                                                (2.936)**  
                                 19.state                         1.990    
                                                                 (1.283)   
                                 20.state                         2.903    
                                                                 (1.868)*  
                                 21.state                         2.830    
                                                                 (1.864)   
                                 22.state                         2.243    
                                                                 (1.225)   
                                 23.state                         2.199    
                                                                 (1.306)   
                                 24.state                         1.430    
                                                                 (0.783)   
                                 25.state                         1.918    
                                                                 (1.235)   
                                 26.state                         0.756    
                                                                 (0.599)   
                                 27.state                         2.418    
                                                                 (1.326)   
                                 29.state                         2.577    
                                                                 (1.672)   
                                 30.state                         2.781    
                                                                 (2.188)   
                                 31.state                         1.756    
                                                                 (0.971)   
                                 33.state                         1.019    
                                                                 (0.689)   
                                 34.state                         3.273    
                                                                (1.753)**  
                                 35.state                         1.602    
                                                                 (0.874)   
                                 36.state                         1.420    
                                                                 (0.837)   
                                 37.state                         0.891    
                                                                 (0.526)   
                                 38.state                         1.237    
                                                                 (0.714)   
                                 40.state                         1.982    
                                                                 (1.199)   
                                 42.state                         1.339    
                                                                 (0.757)   
                                 43.state                         3.378    
                                                                (1.820)**  
                                 45.state                         1.701    
                                                                 (1.010)   
                                 46.state                         2.023    
                                                                 (1.759)   
                                 47.state                         1.741    
                                                                 (1.020)   
                                 48.state                         1.887    
                                                                 (1.083)   
                                 49.state                         3.229    
                                                                 (2.048)*  
                                 N                                10,548   
                                --------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


.   
. ** Robustness - controlling for previous vote share
. logit abstain c.hostile_rescale2##i.gender_candidate i.gender i.educ c.age i.work_stat i.income  c.share_20
> 18 i.incumbent ///
>         i.union i.state [pw=commonpostweight] if sample_races==1 & copartisan == 1

Iteration 0:   log pseudolikelihood = -6266.0063  
Iteration 1:   log pseudolikelihood = -5414.4957  
Iteration 2:   log pseudolikelihood = -5392.8258  
Iteration 3:   log pseudolikelihood = -5392.7663  
Iteration 4:   log pseudolikelihood = -5392.7663  

Logistic regression                             Number of obs     =     10,595
                                                Wald chi2(74)     =     661.97
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
Log pseudolikelihood = -5392.7663               Pseudo R2         =     0.1394

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     |               Robust
                             abstain |      Coef.   Std. Err.      z    P>|z|     [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                    hostile_rescale2 |   .1673623    .087277     1.92   0.055    -.0036973     .338422
                                     |
                    gender_candidate |
                              women  |  -.3256175   .1259327    -2.59   0.010     -.572441   -.0787939
                                     |
 gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2 |
                              women  |   .4778958   .1236818     3.86   0.000     .2354838    .7203077
                                     |
                              gender |
                              Women  |   .1154296   .0738163     1.56   0.118    -.0292476    .2601068
                                     |
                                educ |
               High school graduate  |  -.2336323   .2099615    -1.11   0.266    -.6451493    .1778847
                       Some college  |  -.7432194   .2132984    -3.48   0.000    -1.161277   -.3251621
                             2-year  |  -.7309364   .2242768    -3.26   0.001    -1.170511    -.291362
                             4-year  |   -.932619   .2139919    -4.36   0.000    -1.352035   -.5132026
                          Post-grad  |  -.8338457   .2306335    -3.62   0.000    -1.285879   -.3818124
                                     |
                                 age |  -.0451388   .0034205   -13.20   0.000    -.0518429   -.0384347
                                     |
                           work_stat |
                  Employed parttime  |   .1374458   .1211705     1.13   0.257     -.100044    .3749355
                         Unemployed  |    .184202   .1342458     1.37   0.170     -.078915    .4473189
                            Retired  |   .1508611   .1423692     1.06   0.289    -.1281774    .4298996
                            Student  |  -.5065431   .2101691    -2.41   0.016    -.9184669   -.0946193
Other out of work (incl. homemaker)  |  -.1890227   .1220584    -1.55   0.121    -.4282527    .0502074
                                     |
                              income |
                  $10,000 - $19,999  |  -.1831776   .2289514    -0.80   0.424     -.631914    .2655589
                  $20,000 - $29,999  |  -.2442263   .2255573    -1.08   0.279    -.6863104    .1978579
                  $30,000 - $39,999  |  -.4478226   .2214749    -2.02   0.043    -.8819055   -.0137398
                  $40,000 - $49,999  |  -.2803141   .2258768    -1.24   0.215    -.7230246    .1623963
                  $50,000 - $59,999  |   -.345266    .225274    -1.53   0.125     -.786795     .096263
                  $60,000 - $69,999  |  -.5068907   .2283279    -2.22   0.026    -.9544052   -.0593762
                  $70,000 - $79,999  |  -.4922802    .219959    -2.24   0.025    -.9233919   -.0611685
                  $80,000 - $99,999  |   -.785655   .2309579    -3.40   0.001    -1.238324   -.3329859
                $100,000 - $119,999  |  -.4952079   .2553831    -1.94   0.052    -.9957495    .0053337
                $120,000 - $149,999  |  -.9699707   .2415819    -4.02   0.000    -1.443462    -.496479
                $150,000 - $199,999  |  -.7727553   .2472824    -3.12   0.002     -1.25742   -.2880907
                $200,000 - $249,999  |  -.8656312   .2804307    -3.09   0.002    -1.415265   -.3159971
                $250,000 - $349,999  |  -.8321118   .4170615    -2.00   0.046    -1.649537   -.0146862
                $350,000 - $499,999  |   -.458317   .4516221    -1.01   0.310     -1.34348     .426846
                   $500,000 or more  |  -.7526049   .4120407    -1.83   0.068     -1.56019    .0549801
                                     |
                          share_2018 |  -.3589729   .3320953    -1.08   0.280    -1.009868     .291922
                                     |
                           incumbent |
                          Incumbent  |   .0287906   .1214258     0.24   0.813    -.2091996    .2667808
                             1.union |  -.2420991   .1538395    -1.57   0.116     -.543619    .0594208
                                     |
                               state |
                                 AL  |    1.49115   .6570372     2.27   0.023      .203381    2.778919
                                 AR  |   .4666373   .6211389     0.75   0.452    -.7507725    1.684047
                                 AZ  |   1.023419    .545239     1.88   0.061    -.0452295    2.092068
                                 CA  |   1.041007   .5342104     1.95   0.051    -.0060262     2.08804
                                 CO  |   .9767423   .5812391     1.68   0.093    -.1624653     2.11595
                                 CT  |   .8754478   .6337561     1.38   0.167    -.3666913    2.117587
                                 DE  |   .9923835   .6105788     1.63   0.104     -.204329    2.189096
                                 FL  |    .812371   .5459319     1.49   0.137    -.2576359    1.882378
                                 GA  |   .7861433   .5452504     1.44   0.149    -.2825279    1.854814
                                 IA  |  -.5728135   .6885125    -0.83   0.405    -1.922273    .7766461
                                 IL  |   .4126294    .556459     0.74   0.458    -.6780103    1.503269
                                 IN  |    .701729   .6132331     1.14   0.252    -.5001857    1.903644
                                 KS  |   .1954959   .6275564     0.31   0.755    -1.034492    1.425484
                                 KY  |   .3615533    .609436     0.59   0.553    -.8329193    1.556026
                                 LA  |   1.592589   .6131787     2.60   0.009     .3907812    2.794398
                                 MA  |   .7557061   .6421306     1.18   0.239    -.5028468    2.014259
                                 MD  |   1.160676   .6360122     1.82   0.068    -.0858845    2.407237
                                 ME  |   1.103041   .6596865     1.67   0.095    -.1899208    2.396003
                                 MI  |    .835579   .5443766     1.53   0.125    -.2313796    1.902538
                                 MN  |   .7755075   .5884092     1.32   0.188    -.3777534    1.928768
                                 MO  |   .4751073   .5444635     0.87   0.383    -.5920216    1.542236
                                 MS  |   .7464058    .643648     1.16   0.246    -.5151211    2.007933
                                 MT  |  -.3345134   .7954863    -0.42   0.674    -1.893638    1.224611
                                 NC  |   .8948843   .5458048     1.64   0.101    -.1748734    1.964642
                                 NE  |   .9594662   .6464738     1.48   0.138    -.3075991    2.226531
                                 NH  |   1.035304   .7999215     1.29   0.196    -.5325136    2.603121
                                 NJ  |   .6030046   .5511877     1.09   0.274    -.4773035    1.683313
                                 NV  |  -.0246509   .6783662    -0.04   0.971    -1.354224    1.304923
                                 NY  |   1.244702   .5350783     2.33   0.020     .1959677    2.293436
                                 OH  |   .5130595   .5429333     0.94   0.345    -.5510703    1.577189
                                 OK  |    .491425    .587777     0.84   0.403    -.6605967    1.643447
                                 OR  |  -.0057426   .5982321    -0.01   0.992    -1.178256    1.166771
                                 PA  |   .1948193   .5746625     0.34   0.735    -.9314986    1.321137
                                 SC  |   .6613201   .6055139     1.09   0.275    -.5254654    1.848106
                                 TN  |   .3794729   .5627472     0.67   0.500    -.7234913    1.482437
                                 TX  |   1.223686   .5365211     2.28   0.023     .1721239    2.275248
                                 VA  |   .5660725   .5912595     0.96   0.338    -.5927749     1.72492
                                 VT  |   .8149831   .8899557     0.92   0.360    -.9292981    2.559264
                                 WA  |   .5942602   .5866693     1.01   0.311    -.5555905    1.744111
                                 WI  |    .730574    .570323     1.28   0.200    -.3872386    1.848387
                                 WV  |   1.198427   .6288767     1.91   0.057    -.0341489    2.431003
                                     |
                               _cons |    1.64836   .5999507     2.75   0.006     .4724787    2.824242
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. outreg using "Output\BJPS resubmission\Robustness checks\vote share control turnout US.doc", replace se or 
> ctitles("", "Abstention") starlevels (10 5 1)

                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Abstention 
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                             hostile_rescale2                          1.182    
                                                                      (0.103)*  
                             1.gender_candidate                        0.722    
                                                                     (0.091)*** 
                             1.gender_candidate#c.hostile_rescale2     1.613    
                                                                     (0.199)*** 
                             1.gender                                  1.122    
                                                                      (0.083)   
                             2bn.educ                                  0.792    
                                                                      (0.166)   
                             3.educ                                    0.476    
                                                                     (0.101)*** 
                             4.educ                                    0.481    
                                                                     (0.108)*** 
                             5.educ                                    0.394    
                                                                     (0.084)*** 
                             6.educ                                    0.434    
                                                                     (0.100)*** 
                             age                                       0.956    
                                                                     (0.003)*** 
                             2bn.work_stat                             1.147    
                                                                      (0.139)   
                             3.work_stat                               1.202    
                                                                      (0.161)   
                             4.work_stat                               1.163    
                                                                      (0.166)   
                             5.work_stat                               0.603    
                                                                     (0.127)**  
                             6.work_stat                               0.828    
                                                                      (0.101)   
                             2bn.income                                0.833    
                                                                      (0.191)   
                             3.income                                  0.783    
                                                                      (0.177)   
                             4.income                                  0.639    
                                                                     (0.142)**  
                             5.income                                  0.756    
                                                                      (0.171)   
                             6.income                                  0.708    
                                                                      (0.160)   
                             7.income                                  0.602    
                                                                     (0.138)**  
                             8.income                                  0.611    
                                                                     (0.134)**  
                             9.income                                  0.456    
                                                                     (0.105)*** 
                             10.income                                 0.609    
                                                                      (0.156)*  
                             11.income                                 0.379    
                                                                     (0.092)*** 
                             12.income                                 0.462    
                                                                     (0.114)*** 
                             13.income                                 0.421    
                                                                     (0.118)*** 
                             14.income                                 0.435    
                                                                     (0.181)**  
                             15.income                                 0.632    
                                                                      (0.286)   
                             16.income                                 0.471    
                                                                      (0.194)*  
                             share_2018                                0.698    
                                                                      (0.232)   
                             1.incumbent                               1.029    
                                                                      (0.125)   
                             1.union                                   0.785    
                                                                      (0.121)   
                             2bn.state                                 4.442    
                                                                     (2.919)**  
                             3.state                                   1.595    
                                                                      (0.990)   
                             4.state                                   2.783    
                                                                      (1.517)*  
                             5.state                                   2.832    
                                                                      (1.513)*  
                             6.state                                   2.656    
                                                                      (1.544)*  
                             7.state                                   2.400    
                                                                      (1.521)   
                             8.state                                   2.698    
                                                                      (1.647)   
                             9.state                                   2.253    
                                                                      (1.230)   
                             10.state                                  2.195    
                                                                      (1.197)   
                             12.state                                  0.564    
                                                                      (0.388)   
                             14.state                                  1.511    
                                                                      (0.841)   
                             15.state                                  2.017    
                                                                      (1.237)   
                             16.state                                  1.216    
                                                                      (0.763)   
                             17.state                                  1.436    
                                                                      (0.875)   
                             18.state                                  4.916    
                                                                     (3.015)*** 
                             19.state                                  2.129    
                                                                      (1.367)   
                             20.state                                  3.192    
                                                                      (2.030)*  
                             21.state                                  3.013    
                                                                      (1.988)*  
                             22.state                                  2.306    
                                                                      (1.255)   
                             23.state                                  2.172    
                                                                      (1.278)   
                             24.state                                  1.608    
                                                                      (0.876)   
                             25.state                                  2.109    
                                                                      (1.358)   
                             26.state                                  0.716    
                                                                      (0.569)   
                             27.state                                  2.447    
                                                                      (1.336)   
                             29.state                                  2.610    
                                                                      (1.687)   
                             30.state                                  2.816    
                                                                      (2.253)   
                             31.state                                  1.828    
                                                                      (1.007)   
                             33.state                                  0.976    
                                                                      (0.662)   
                             34.state                                  3.472    
                                                                     (1.858)**  
                             35.state                                  1.670    
                                                                      (0.907)   
                             36.state                                  1.635    
                                                                      (0.961)   
                             37.state                                  0.994    
                                                                      (0.595)   
                             38.state                                  1.215    
                                                                      (0.698)   
                             40.state                                  1.937    
                                                                      (1.173)   
                             42.state                                  1.462    
                                                                      (0.822)   
                             43.state                                  3.400    
                                                                     (1.824)**  
                             45.state                                  1.761    
                                                                      (1.041)   
                             46.state                                  2.259    
                                                                      (2.011)   
                             47.state                                  1.812    
                                                                      (1.063)   
                             48.state                                  2.076    
                                                                      (1.184)   
                             49.state                                  3.315    
                                                                      (2.085)*  
                             N                                         10,595   
                            -----------------------------------------------------
                                       * p<0.1; ** p<0.05; *** p<0.01


. 
. ** Abstention models
. use "Data\US_data_recoded.dta", clear 

. 
. ** 80% turnout in the weighted sample
. ** Abstainers
. gen abstain = .
(93,197 missing values generated)

. replace abstain = 1 if CL_2020gvm == . 
(32,952 real changes made)

. replace abstain = 0 if CL_2020gvm >=1 & CL_2020gvm != . 
(60,245 real changes made)

. 
. 
. ** Abstainers versus voters on sexism
. collapse abstain hostile_rescale [iw=commonpostweight], by(id)

. drop if hostile_rescale==.
(6 observations deleted)

. 
. gen nothostile=1 if hostile_rescale<0
(16,533 missing values generated)

. replace nothostile=0 if hostile_rescale>=0
(16,533 real changes made)

. gen hostile2=1 if hostile_rescale>0
(27,847 missing values generated)

. replace hostile2=0 if hostile_rescale<=0
(27,847 real changes made)

. 
. tab abstain hostile2, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

    (mean) |       hostile2
   abstain |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |    20,749      7,193 |    27,942 
           |     74.26      25.74 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         1 |     7,098      3,315 |    10,413 
           |     68.16      31.84 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |    27,847     10,508 |    38,355 
           |     72.60      27.40 |    100.00 


. tab abstain nothostile, row

+----------------+
| Key            |
|----------------|
|   frequency    |
| row percentage |
+----------------+

    (mean) |      nothostile
   abstain |         0          1 |     Total
-----------+----------------------+----------
         0 |    11,330     16,612 |    27,942 
           |     40.55      59.45 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
         1 |     5,203      5,210 |    10,413 
           |     49.97      50.03 |    100.00 
-----------+----------------------+----------
     Total |    16,533     21,822 |    38,355 
           |     43.11      56.89 |    100.00 


. 
. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\a15014rs\Dropbox\Sexism and Candidates\Analysis\BJPS replication files\US_log_file.log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  20 Mar 2025, 11:35:57
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
